Table 4.
Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models Predicting Treatment Engagement
| Fixed Effects | Everyone N = 5,704 |
Whites N = 4,308 |
Latinos N =703 |
Blacks N = 689 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| O.R. | 95% CI | O.R. | 95% CI | O.R. | 95% CI | O.R. | 95% CI | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| (ref.: White) | ||||||||
| Latino | 1.00 | (0.83,1.21) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Black | 1.03 | (0.83,1.27) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Covariates | ||||||||
| Days to Initiation | 0.92** | (0.91,0.94) | 0.92** | (0.90,0.94) | 0.95* | (0.90,0.99) | 0.95* | (0.90,1.00) |
| Female | 1.12 | (0.99,1.27) | 1.12 | (0.97,1.30) | 1.35 | (0.87,2.11) | 1.24 | (0.82,1.87) |
| Age | ||||||||
| (ref. : Ages 36-44) | ||||||||
| 18-25 | 0.81* | (0.69,0.96) | 0.77** | (0.64,0.94) | 0.99 | (0.59,1.66) | 0.81 | (0.44,1.49) |
| 26-35 | 0.84* | (0.72,0.99) | 0.80* | (0.67,0.96) | 0.86 | (0.55,1.34) | 0.82 | (0.49,1.36) |
| 45+ | 1.02 | (0.86,1.21) | 0.91 | (0.75,1.11) | 1.56 | (0.88,2.77) | 1.75* | (1.05,2.90) |
| Married | 0.87 | (0.74,1.03) | 0.86 | (0.71,1.04) | 1.22 | (0.73,2.03) | 0.95 | (0.56,1.62) |
| Referral Source | ||||||||
| (ref.: self/family) | ||||||||
| Health Professional | 1.01 | (0.84,1.23) | 1.05 | (0.84,1.30) | 1.27 | (0.63,2.55) | 0.54 | (0.27,1.08) |
| Criminal Justice | 1.43** | (1.22,1.67) | 1.31** | (1.09,1.57) | 1.98** | (1.24,3.17) | 1.85* | (1.11,3.07) |
| Substance Abuse Treatment | 1.36** | (1.14,1.62) | 1.30** | (1.07,1.58) | 1.75 | (0.99,3.06) | 1.29 | (0.73,2.25) |
| Other | 1.40** | (1.13,1.73) | 1.42** | (1.11,1.82) | 1.88 | (0.96,3.68) | 1.12 | (0.56,2.25) |
| Prior mental health treatment | 0.98 | (0.87,1.10) | 0.95 | (0.83,1.09) | 0.78 | (0.43,1.41) | 1.08 | (0.60,1.96) |
|
Education (ref: less than high
school) |
||||||||
| H.S. Grad | 1.12 | (0.95,1.32) | 1.00 | (0.70,1.43) | 1.15 | (0.77,1.74) | ||
| > High School | 1.02 | (0.84,1.24) | 1.07 | (0.57,1.99) | 1.40 | (0.80,2.44) | ||
| Homeless | 1.17 | (0.89,1.54) | 1.28 | (0.65,2.51) | 2.17** | (1.22,3.85) | ||
| Employed | 1.01 | (0.87,1.17) | 0.96 | (0.65,1.43) | 1.19 | (0.76,1.87) | ||
| Insurance | ||||||||
| (Ref. : None) | ||||||||
| Public | 0.89 | (0.75,1.04) | 0.77 | (0.51,1.15) | 0.96 | (0.62,1.49) | ||
| Private/Other | 0.83 | (0.69,1.00) | 1.09 | (0.60,1.99) | 0.96 | (0.50,1.83) | ||
|
Prior year substance abuse
treatment |
1.32** | (1.09,1.60) | 1.46** | (1.17,1.83) | 1.21 | (0.82,1.78) | 1.25 | (0.82,1.92) |
| Substance Use Severity1 | ||||||||
| Alcohol | 0.99 | (0.98,1.01) | 1.00 | (0.98,1.02) | 0.98 | (0.94,1.03) | 0.96 | (0.92,1.01) |
| Cocaine | 1.01 | (1.00,1.03) | 1.01 | (0.99,1.02) | 1.04 | (1.00,1.08) | 1.00 | (0.96,1.05) |
| Heroin | 0.99 | (0.98,1.01) | 0.99 | (0.98,1.01) | 0.98 | (0.95,1.02) | 1.01 | (0.96,1.06) |
| Marijuana | 1.00 | (0.99,1.02) | 1.00 | (0.98,1.02) | 1.02 | (0.98,1.06) | 1.02 | (0.98,1.06) |
| Facility-Characteristics | ||||||||
| Provision of MAT | 1.39 | (0.98,1.97) | 1.32 | (0.95,1.84) | 1.58 | (0.78,3.21) | 1.04 | (0.42,2.58) |
|
Mental Health services
provided |
0.62** | (0.44,0.88) | 0.63** | (0.45,0.88) | 0.42** | (0.22,0.80) | 0.70 | (0.29,1.71) |
|
Treatment provided by or in
hospital |
1.24 | (0.87,1.77) | 1.37 | (0.99,1.90) | 1.00 | (0.48,2.11) | 1.13 | (0.44,2.92) |
|
Provides services in other
languages than English |
1.11 | (0.76,1.61) | 1.26 | (0.89,1.77) | 0.62 | (0.27,1.44) | 0.86 | (0.31,2.40) |
|
High Proportion of Latino
Clients in Facility |
0.81 | (0.56,1.18) | 0.71 | (0.49,1.02) | 0.85 | (0.43,1.66) | 0.95 | (0.38,2.40) |
|
High Proportion of Black
Clients in Facility |
1.32 | (0.95,1.83) | 1.15 | (0.82,1.60) | 1.45 | (0.80,2.64) | 1.37 | (0.67,2.81) |
Notes:
*
p < . 05,
**
p < .01