Table 3.
Exercise echocardiography and treadmill parameters in patients with and without retinopathy
| Parameters | No retinopathy | Retinopathy | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 91 | N = 43 | ||
| Exercise echocardiography | |||
| LVEF (%) | |||
| Rest | 59.7 ± 5.0 | 58.1 ± 6.0 | 0.12 |
| Exercise | 64.5 ± 6.3 | 61.9 ± 6.6 | 0.03 |
| ∆ | 4.9 ± 7.0 | 3.8 ± 7.3 | 0.41 |
| E/A ratio | |||
| Rest | 0.94 ± 0.26 | 0.89 ± 0.55 | 0.45 |
| Exercise | 1.01 ± 0.37 | 0.93 ± 0.50 | 0.33 |
| ∆ | 0.07 ± 0.43 | 0.04 ± 0.73 | 0.78 |
| E/E′ ratio | |||
| Rest | 7.5 ± 2.4 | 8.8 ± 3.6 | 0.02 |
| Exercise | 7.8 ± 2.2 | 9.7 ± 4.9 | <0.01 |
| ∆ | 0.3 ± 2.3 | 1.0 ± 4.1 | 0.27 |
| GLS (%) | |||
| Rest | −18.3 ± 2.0 | −17.2 ± 2.3 | <0.01 |
| Exercise | −19.7 ± 2.3 | −17.5 ± 2.5 | <0.01 |
| ∆ | −1.4 ± 1.8 | −0.3 ± 2.0 | <0.01 |
| DFRI | 35.2 ± 22.0 | 22.8 ± 19.2 | <0.01 |
| Treadmill parameters | |||
| HR rest | 82.3 ± 12.8 | 86.3 ± 14.2 | 0.10 |
| HR exercise | 154.1 ± 16.8 | 146.4 ± 21.0 | 0.02 |
| HR reserve (bmp) | 71.9 ± 17.5 | 61.5 ± 17.6 | <0.01 |
| HR reserve (%) | 91.1 ± 31.2 | 73.6 ± 24.6 | <0.01 |
| METs | 8.3 ± 2.9 | 7.1 ± 2.7 | 0.03 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%)
DFRI diastolic function reserve index, HR heart rate, METs metabolic equivalents of task