Table 1. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics.
| 15 mg pioglitazone (n=72) | 45 mg pioglitazone (n=67) | Placebo (n=71) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.3 (10.6) | 58.8 (9.2) | 59.0 (9.9) |
| Years of education | 17.1 (3.1) | 16.2 (3.3) | 16.8 (3.0) |
| Males | 53 (74%) | 47 (70%) | 48 (68%) |
| Non-latino whites | 58 (81%) | 63 (94%) | 63 (89%) |
| Right-handed | 62 (86%) | 62 (93%) | 62 (87%) |
| Duration of PD symptoms (years) | 2.3 (1.9) | 2.0 (1.2) | 2.3 (2.3) |
| Time since PD diagnosis (years) | 0.8 (07) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.8 (0.7) |
| UPDRS total | 23.8 (9.9) | 21.2 (8.8) | 21.7 (8.7) |
| UPDRS mental | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.9 (1.1) |
| UPDRS motor | 17.1 (7.7) | 15.0 (7.1) | 15.3 (6.5) |
| UPDRS ADL | 5.9 (3.2) | 5.5 (2.9) | 5.5 (3.0) |
| Ambulatory capacity | 1.1 (0.9) | 0.8 (0.8) | 1.1 (0.9) |
| SEADL* | 93.8 (4.9) | 94.1 (5.0) | 93.9 (5.0) |
| PDQ-39 Summary Index | 8.5 (8.1) | 8.1 (5.9) | 10.6 (7.9) |
| GDS-15 | 1.4 (1.4) | 1.1 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.9) |
| Mattis-DRS* | 138.6 (8.2) | 138.8 (10.2) | 138.0 (11.4) |
| Months on rasagiline or selegiline | 4.1 (2.2) | 4.0 (2.0) | 3.7 (1.9) |
| GDS-15 ≥5 | 2 (2.8%) | 1 (1.5%) | 10 (14.1%) |
| Rasagiline use | 60 (83.3%) | 57 (85.1%) | 60 (84.5%) |
| Selegiline use | 12 (16.7%) | 10 (14.9%) | 11 (15.5%) |
Data are mean (SD) or n (%). UPDRS=Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. ADL=activities of daily living. SEADL=Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living scale. PDQ-39=Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 39. GDS-15=15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. DRS=Dementia Rating Scale.
*
Higher scores are associated with less severe clinical presentation; for all other clinical symptoms, higher scores are associated with more severe presentation.