Table 3. Estimated annual leptospirosis morbidity and mortality according to GBD region.
| GBD region | Morbidity a | Cases | Mortality a | Deaths |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (95% confidence interval of the prediction) | ||||
| All GBD regions | 14.77 (4.38–25.03) | 1,030,000 (434,000–1 750,000) | 0.84 (0.34–1.37) | 58,900 (23,800–95,900) |
| High Income Asia Pacific | 6.95 (2.51–11.87) | 14,800 (5,300–25,100) | 0.31 (0.13–0.52) | 700 (300–1,100) |
| Central Asia | 5.53 (2.07–9.51) | 4,400 (1,600–7,300) | 0.29 (0.12–0.49) | 200 (100–400) |
| East Asia | 10.28 (3.58–18.28) | 142,000 (49,400–252,000) | 0.50 (0.19–0.88) | 6,900 (2,600–12,200) |
| South Asia | 17.97 (6.20–32.25) | 289,000 (99,800–519,000) | 1.02 (0.41–1.71) | 16,500 (6,500–27,600) |
| South–East Asia | 55.54 (20.32–99.53) | 266,000 (97,500–477,000) | 2.96 (1.65–4.93) | 14,200 (5,600–24,000) |
| Australasia | 9.13 (2.79–16.36) | 2,400 (700–4,200) | 0.40 (0.16–0.69) | 100 (0–200) |
| Caribbean | 50.68 (14.93–87.58) | 22,300 (6,700–34,700) | 2.90 (1.14–4.72) | 1,300 (500–1,900) |
| Central Europe | 4.02 (1.21–6.85) | 4,800 (1,500–8,200) | 0.21 (0.08–0.33) | 200 (100–400) |
| Eastern Europe | 1.43 (0.51–2.69) | 2,900 (1,100–5,500) | 0.09 (0.04–0.16) | 200 (100–300) |
| Western Europe | 3.90 (1.45–6.49) | 16,300 (6,100–27,100) | 0.18 (0.07–0.29) | 800 (300–1,200) |
| Andean Latin America | 21.90 (7.92–39.82) | 11,700 (4,200–21,200) | 0.96 (0.37–1.68) | 500 (200–900) |
| Central Latin America | 15.77 (5.83–27.37) | 36,000 (12,300–62,400) | 0.68 (0.27–1.15) | 1,600 (600–2,600) |
| Southern Latin America | 3.87 (1.43–6.74) | 2,400 (900–4,100) | 0.18 (0.07–0.31) | 100 (0–200) |
| Tropical Latin America | 13.53 (4.47–26.56) | 27,300 (9,000–53,200) | 0.66 (0.23–1.28) | 1,300 (500–2,600) |
| North Africa / Middle East | 7.30 (2.58–11.79) | 33,300 (11,800–53,800) | 0.34 (0.14–0.56) | 1,600 (600–2,500) |
| High Income North America | 3.64 (1.02–6.50) | 12,800 (3,600–22,900) | 0.18 (0.07–0.31) | 600 (200–1,100) |
| Oceania | 150.68 (40.32–272.29) | 16,700 (4,500–30,200) | 9.61 (3.56–17.11) | 1,100 (400–1,900) |
| Central Sub–Saharan Africa | 13.49 (4.48–23.56) | 13,100 (4,400–22,900) | 1.33 (0.52–2.23) | 1,300 (500–2,200) |
| East Sub–Saharan Africa | 25.65 (9.29–43.31) | 91,100 (33,000–154,000) | 1.87 (0.79–3.12) | 6,700 (2,800–11,100) |
| Southern Sub–Saharan Africa | 3.44 (1.34–5.78) | 2,400 (900–4,100) | 0.33 (0.13–0.53) | 200 (100–400) |
| West Sub–Saharan Africa | 9.67 (3.62–16.16) | 32,000 (12,000–53,500) | 0.85 (0.35–1.36) | 2,800 (1,200–4,500) |
aAnnual leptospirosis morbidity and mortality rates are shown as cases or deaths, respectively, per 100,000 population.