Table 1.

Primers used for real-time RT-PCR detection of β-catenin, pGSK-3β, GSK-3β, Wnt-1, collagen I (Col I), collagen III (Col III), α-SMA, and GAPDH

Gene	Forward primer (5′–3′)	Reverse primer (5′–3′)
β-Catenin	AAGTTCTTGGCTATTACGACA	ACAGCACCTTCAGCACTCT
GSK-3β	CATGCCATCACTGCCACTCA	GCGGCATGTCAGATCCACAA
pGSK-3β	CCTTAACCTGGTGCTGGACT	AGCTCTGGTGCCCTGTAGTA
Wnt-1	GAGGTGAAAGGGCAAGGAAAG	GCTGGCAGACAAGAGGAGTGA
Col I	TCAGGGGCGAAGGCAACAGT	TTGGGATGGAGGGAGTTTACACGA
Col III	CGTCCTGCAGGTAACAGTGGTTC	TGCTCCAGTTAGCCCTGCAA
α-SMA	ATGCCTCTGGACGTACAACTG	CACACCATCTCCAGAGTCCA
GAPDH	GCCAAAAGGGTCATCATCTCCGC	GGATGACCTTGCCCACAGCCTTG

Abbreviations: Col I, collagen I; Col III, collagen III; GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β; pGSK-3β, phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin.