Table 2.

Potential mediators and mechanisms of salt sensitivity

Mediator	Mechanism	Genetic or Acquired	Potential Treatment
Nitric oxide (NO)	Reduced NO production and/or increased plasma levels of ADMA (a competitive antagonist of NO) impedes normal compensatory vasodilation after increased salt intake	?	Increased intake of soybean protein, the components of which stimulate NO production
Potassium	Inadequate potassium intake causes decreased generation of renal kinins, which inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride	Acquired	Increased potassium intake
Atrial Naturietic Peptide (ANP)	Minor corin allele causes dysfunctional conversation of pro-ANP to ANP, a peptide which promotes natriuresis, diuresis and vasodilation	Genetic	?
Renal sodium channel	The T594M allele causes generalized upregulation of renal sodium channels and increased sodium reabsorption while APOL1 risk variant contribute to decreased sodium excretion	Genetic	Reduced sodium intake
Obesity	Obesity causes decreased NO production on high salt diets	Acquired	Healthy lifestyle behaviors