Table 1.

Altered expression/localization of AJC proteins and their roles in functional responses in CRC

Junctional Protein	Expression/localization	Colon cancer model	Cellular function response	Reference
Claudin-1	down	Human tissue	Higher tumor grade/ predictors of tumor recurrence and poor survival	23
	up	Human tissue	Carcinoma progression and metastasis/disorganization and increased cell permeability	17–19
	up	Transgenic mouse	Colonic epithelial proliferation	24
	up	SW480 and SW620 cells	Cell differentiation inhibition and resistance to anoikis	23
Claudin-2	up	Caco-2 cells, Mouse	Resistance to 5-FU, increased cell proliferation, anchorage independent growth and tumor growth in vivo	22
Claudin-3	up	HT-29 cells	Increased malignant potential, cell viability and proliferation, and impaired TJ barrier function	25,26
Claudin-7	up	HT-29, SW480 cells and metastatic human tissue	Cell polarity disruption, proliferation and tumorigenicity increased	21
Claudin-8	down	Human tissue	Tumoral progression	19
Claudin-12	up	Human tissue	Tumoral progression	19
Occludin	down	Human tissue	Progression of colon lesions	31
	down	Hepatic metastasis from colon cancer	Tumoral progression	30
	down	Caco-2 cells	Increased permeability	29,32
JAM-A	down	Mouse	Permeability and proliferation increased	35
ZO-1	down	Human tissue	Tumoral progression	39–41
Symplekin	down	HT-29 cells	Decrease proliferation and down regulation of Claudin-2 cell differentiation	42,44
E-cadherin	down	Human tissue	Increase SNAIL and TWIST activity, metastasis and invasiveness	51–53
	down	HT-29 cells	Cell-cell adhesion loss/cell migration and invasion increased	26,56
	up	Human tissue	Tumor progression	54
β-Catenin	Nuclear localization	Human tissue	Tumor progression and worse prognosis/worse overall survival	59–61
	up	Human tissue/Caco-2 cells	Poor overall survival/ Increased proliferation	66,144
p-120 catenin	Nuclear localization	Human tissue	Increased proliferation/ adherens junctions loss	71
	up	Human tissue/ HT-29 cells	Proliferative cancer tissue/aberrant mitosis and polyploidy	70,145
	Cytosolic localization	HCT-116 cells	Increased migration/Rho activity increased	75
	Cytosolic localization	LIM1863 cells	EMT phenotype induction	72
Afadin	down	Mouse	Increased paracellular permeability/mislocalization of nectin-2 and -3	146