Table 2.

Signaling pathways that modulate expression/localization of apical junctional complex proteins and actin cytoskeleton regulators and their role in functional responses during tumor progression in CRC models

Signaling pathway	Apical junctional complex protein	Actin cytoskeleton regulators	Role in tumor progression	Reference
PI3K/Akt/ GSK-3β	Claudin-3, E-cadherin, β-catenin, ZO-1	?	Cell differentiation, Proliferation, migration	147
	?	Rac	Migration	148
ERK1/2	Claudin-3	?	Impaired barrier function, Proliferation, migration	25,26
	E-cadherin, β-catenin	?	Proliferation, impaired barrier function,	26
	?	Cdc42	Proliferation, migration, invasion	143
PKA	E-cadherin	Rho, Rac	Impaired barrier function	137
Src/FAK	E-cadherin, β-catenin, p120 catenin	Rho/ROCK	Migration	138
Wnt	E-cadherin, β-catenin	?	Migration, invasion	56
	β-catenin	Tiam/Rac	Proliferation, invasion	149

?, Unidentified protein.