Table 1. Demographic Data, Clinical characteristics and Neuropsychological Findings of PD and HCs (Mean ± Standard Deviation).
| PD | HCs | t | P a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 32 | 32 | - | - |
| Age (years) | 60.47±8.99 | 59.94±9.27 | 0.233 | 0.817 |
| Gender (M/F) | 18/14 | 20/12 | 0.773 | 0.442 |
| Education Background (year) | 7.13±4.50 | 7.63±3.61 | 0.490 | 0.626 |
| Disease duration (years) | 2.356±1.917 | - | - | - |
| onset side (left/right) | 12/20 | - | - | - |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | ||||
| Stage 1 | 9 | - | - | - |
| Stage 2 | 11 | - | - | - |
| Stage 3 | 11 | - | - | - |
| Stage 4 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Therapy conditon (treated/untreated) | 13/19 | - | - | - |
| Levodopa equivalent daily dose (mg/day) | 0.313±0.167 | - | - | - |
| MMSE score (out of 30) | 27.22±1.88 | 27.59±1.78 | 0.821 | 0.415 |
| VFT b | 11.63±2.30 | 12.91±2.19 | 2.284 | 0.026 |
| DS(f) b (out of 8) | 5.72±1.11 | 6.25±0.95 | 2.052 | 0.044 |
| DS(b) b (out of 7) | 3.59±0.88 | 4.28±0.89 | 3.119 | 0.003 |
PD = Parkinson’s Disease; HCs = Healthy controls; DS (b) = Digital Span (backward); VFT = verbal fluency task; DS (f) = Digital Span (forward); MMSE = mini-mental state examination.
a Analyzed by two-sided independent-samples t-tests.
b Indicates a significant effect of group (P < 0.05).