Table 2. Basic goals guiding the studies of psychological scientists.

Goal	Mean	SD
The goal is to test the hypothesis that a particular relation exists in all conditions. That is, the goal is to show that a particular relation always occurs or is always present in nature.	3.28	.69
The goal is to test the hypothesis that a particular relation exists in some conditions. That is, the goal is to show that a particular relation occurs sometimes or is present some of the time in nature.	1.78	.51
The goal is to test the hypothesis that a particular relation does not exist in some conditions. That is, the goal is to show that a particular relation does not occur sometimes or is not present some of the time in nature.	2.57	.75
The goal is to test the hypothesis that a particular relation does not exist under any conditions. That is, the goal is to show that a particular relation never occurs or is never present in nature.	3.74	.49

Notes: N = 46. Judgments were made on a 4 point scale anchored by 1 = Primary goal of my studies and 4 = Not a goal of my studies