Table 3. Proportion of scientists taking a confirmatory vs. a disconfirmatory approach as a function of the type of hypothesis under investigation.

Goal	Confirmatory	Disconfirmatory
Hypothesis that a particular relation always occurs or is present in all conditions.	18.6% (8)	81.4% (35)
Hypothesis that a particular relation occurs sometimes or is present in some conditions.	90.7% (39)	9.3% (4)
Hypothesis that a particular relation does not occur sometimes or is not present in some conditions.	74.4% (32)	25.6% (11)
Hypothesis that a particular relation does not occur or is not present in any conditions.	4.7% (2)	95.3% (41)

Notes: N = 43.