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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Diabetologia. 2015 Jul 22;58(10):2336–2343. doi: 10.1007/s00125-015-3689-2

Table 3.

Changes in blood chemistry

Variable Placebo
(n=15)
HCQ
(n=17)
p value
(HCQ vs
placebo)
Difference
(HCQ vs
placebo)
95% CI
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)
   Baseline 5.16±0.49 5.47±0.79 0.20
   Change from baseline +0.07±0.09 −0.22±0.10 0.04 −0.30±0.14 (−0.58, −0.02)
Fasting HbA1c (%)
   Baseline 5.65±0.41 5.72±0.35 0.60
   Change from baseline +0.14±0.04 +0.03±0.03 0.03 −0.11±0.05 (−0.21, −0.03)
Fasting insulin (pmol/l)
   Baseline 61.1±61.0 66.7±37.5 0.77
   Change from baseline +7.0±7.0 +16.0±7.0 0.34 9.0±9.7 (−9.8, 28.5)
Fasting NEFA (µmol/l)
   Baseline 509±150 538±132 0.59
   Change from baseline −31±32 −74±35 0.38 −43±48 (−14.6, 5.5)
Fasting C-peptide (nmol/l)
   Baseline 1.32±0.67 1.27±0.48 0.82
   Change from baseline +0.01±0.08 +0.18±0.09 0.16 0.17±0.12 (−0.08, 0.42)
C-peptide/insulin molar ratio (pmol/pmol)
   Baseline 31.4±17.1 29.2±20.3 0.76
   Change from baseline −5.5±3.3 −4.8±3.6 0.88 0.8±4.9 (−9.4, 10.9)

Baseline values are expressed as means ± SD. Changes from baseline are expressed as means ± SE adjusted for baseline (ANCOVA)