Table 3.
HRQOL scores in frequency distributions of socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors in northeast China
| Variables | PF | RP | BP | GH | VT | SF | RE | MH | PCS | MCS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Means | ||||||||||
| (SD) | ||||||||||
| t/F | ||||||||||
| P | ||||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 86.33 | 85.25 | 84.93 | 68.99 | 74.59 | 94.43 | 85.69 | 71.17 | 50.45 | 49.93 |
| (17.66) | (19.30) | (16.23) | (19.16) | (16.8) | (20.91) | (20.41) | (17.87) | (7.77) | (9.02) | |
| Female | 85.21 | 83.97 | 84.20 | 67.73 | 74.28 | 94.29 | 85.76 | 73.85 | 49.69 | 50.07 |
| (18.58) | (21.54) | (16.16) | (19.21) | (16.87) | (20.76) | (20.48) | (17.89) | (8.14) | (9.02) | |
| T | 2.213* | 2.27* | 1.631 | 2.378* | 0.657 | 0.245 | −0.139 | 0.648 | 3.274 | −0485 |
| Age (year) | ||||||||||
| 18–29 | 89.56 | 86.40 | 84.95 | 68.80 | 73.68 | 94.13 | 88.23 | 73.50 | 51.20 | 46.63 |
| (16.61) | (13.05) | (16.29) | (17.78) | (16.38) | (21.40) | (11.05) | (17.84) | (6.79) | (8.22) | |
| 30–39 | 88.30 | 85.45 | 86.85 | 70.10 | 74.89 | 95.49 | 85.56 | 74.08 | 51.51 | 49.68 |
| (18.30) | (13.39) | (15.82) | (19.06) | (17.25) | (21.04) | (15.48) | (18.35) | (6.99) | (8.64) | |
| 40–49 | 86.58 | 86.03 | 84.93 | 70.07 | 74.02 | 94.42 | 85.14 | 74.12 | 50.83 | 49.63 |
| (18.17) | (18.00) | (15.63) | (19.83) | (17.64) | (20.64) | (20.53) | (17.62) | (7.78) | (9.00) | |
| 50–59 | 86.76 | 85.45 | 84.64 | 68.67 | 75.10 | 95.58 | 87.45 | 74.47 | 50.28 | 50.56 |
| (17.20) | (21.00) | (16.20) | (19.42) | (16.68) | (20.26) | (19.23) | (17.65) | (7.99) | (8.88) | |
| 60–69 | 84.44 | 83.25 | 83.81 | 67.06 | 74.57 | 93.71 | 85.09 | 74.38 | 49.23 | 50.20 |
| (18.03) | (2.99) | (16.29) | (19.23) | (16.83) | (20.73) | (2.74) | (17.87) | (8.29) | (9.42) | |
| 70–79 | 80.12 | 81.45 | 82.65 | 65.67 | 72.99 | 92.08 | 83.46 | 72.15 | 47.91 | 49.55 |
| (20.33) | (25.32) | (16.77) | (18.14) | (16.14) | (22.31) | (24.21) | (18.43) | (8.67) | (9.20) | |
| 80- | 82.13 | 79.19 | 81.92 | 63.10 | 73.66 | 91.39 | 79.79 | 72.81 | 47.79 | 48.90 |
| (16.22) | (29.46) | (16.35) | (18.48) | (16.03) | (20.2) | (30.31) | (16.71) | (7.81) | (9.60) | |
| F | 17.571*** | 6.020*** | 4.481*** | 6.190*** | 1.469 | 2.874** | 5.321*** | 1.484 | 19.245*** | 1.573 |
| Education level | ||||||||||
| Elementary school or lower | 80.89 | 76.88 | 81.26 | 63.89 | 73.43 | 90.86 | 78.77 | 73.55 | 47.08 | 49.11 |
| (19.32) | (29.60) | (17.04) | (19.84) | (16.68) | (22.97) | (29.14) | (17.87) | (9.26) | (9.76) | |
| Junior middle school | 83.82 | 83.81 | 83.83 | 67.37 | 74.04 | 93.76 | 85.91 | 73.47 | 49.25 | 50.10 |
| (19.17) | (21.80) | (16.28) | (19.00) | (16.79) | (21.11) | (20.53) | (18.21) | (8.14) | (9.10) | |
| Senior middle school | 86.67 | 85.19 | 84.29 | 67.95 | 74.57 | 94.58 | 86.11 | 73.50 | 50.30 | 49.87 |
| (17.15) | (20.11) | (16.22) | (19.59) | (17.03) | (20.21) | (20.30) | (18.09) | (7.92) | (9.19) | |
| College | 87.49 | 86.53 | 86.40 | 69.76 | 75.10 | 95.56 | 86.52 | 74.57 | 51.19 | 50.10 |
| (16.97) | (16.52) | (15.43) | (18.93) | (16.87) | (20.27) | (18.62) | (17.55) | (7.50) | (8.930 | |
| University or higher | 87.19 | 85.10 | 84.97 | 70.22 | 74.33 | 94.92 | 86.47 | 74.18 | 50.59 | 50.28 |
| (18.45) | (18.99) | (16.36) | (18.62) | (16.82) | (20.95) | (18.13) | (17.29) | (7.51) | (8.40) | |
| F | 15.515*** | 15.310*** | 8.168*** | 9.326*** | 0.989 | 3.837** | 10.636*** | 1.897 | 21.921*** | 0.794 |
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Not married yet | 84.62 | 84.49 | 85.98 | 68.56 | 71.87 | 91.79 | 85.92 | 72.35 | 50.24 | 48.96 |
| (20.90) | (13.43) | (16.89) | (18.89) | (17.27) | (22.43) | (10.96) | (19.29) | (7.28) | (8.71) | |
| Married currently | 86.08 | 84.90 | 84.51 | 68.49 | 74.76 | 94.85 | 86.00 | 74.19 | 50.15 | 50.16 |
| (17.67) | (20.32) | (16.07) | (19.25) | (16.88) | (20.54) | (20.46) | (17.77) | (7.92) | (9.00) | |
| Divorced or widowed | 80.56 | 76.78 | 80.40 | 62.77 | 74.32 | 91.42 | 79.82 | 74.30 | 46.50 | 49.84 |
| (19.95) | (36.24) | (16.67) | (18.14) | (14.88) | (21.19) | (34.85) | (15.86) | (10.31) | (10.13) | |
| F | 11.015*** | 16.528*** | 9.777*** | 9.556*** | 8.058*** | 8.189*** | 9.744*** | 2.993 | 19.14*** | 5.571** |
| Ethnic group | ||||||||||
| Han | 85.68 | 84.51 | 84.60 | 68.31 | 74.56 | 94.49 | 85.75 | 74.10 | 50.01 | 50.08 |
| (18.27) | (20.55) | (16.13) | (19.14) | (16.77) | (20.73) | (20.42) | (17.78) | (7.98) | (8.95) | |
| Hui | 86.30 | 83.89 | 84.26 | 66.36 | 67.32 | 94.96 | 87.20 | 67.74 | 50.02 | 47.85 |
| (19.22) | (21.91) | (18.24) | (22.10) | (21.37) | (22.56) | (16.10) | (21.94) | (8.88) | (11.09) | |
| Miao | 70.56 | 87.99 | 89.11 | 67.99 | 68.89 | 88.89 | 89.91 | 61.78 | 49.07 | 47.31 |
| (31.37) | (6.81) | (14.46) | (11.86) | (15.77) | (22.05) | (6.29) | (25.85) | (6.61) | (8.98) | |
| Wei | 86.07 | 86.76 | 83.25 | 64.25 | 82.50 | 100.0 | 96.43 | 78.50 | 48.26 | 55.38 |
| (17.90) | (25.91) | (17.03) | (26.95) | (15.81) | (14.94) | (6.60) | (18.63) | (11.49) | (9.57) | |
| Man | 86.71 | 86.55 | 82.67 | 70.24 | 72.85 | 93.84 | 87.21 | 72.57 | 50.50 | 49.49 |
| (14.07) | (18.48) | (16.52) | (20.69) | (18.30) | (21.16) | (18.00) | (18.25) | (7.66) | (9.81) | |
| Others | 85.56 | 80.62 | 81.53 | 63.06 | 70.96 | 87.81 | 79.78 | 72.35 | 48.78 | 47.43 |
| (17.56) | (28.40) | (18.48) | (18.04) | (17.09) | (24.36) | (25.26) | (19.72) | (8.90) | (10.59) | |
| F | 1.344 | 0.915 | 1.085 | 1.629 | 3.030* | 1.993 | 2.032 | 1.763 | 0.645 | 2.735* |
| Living environment | ||||||||||
| Urban | 85.63 | 84.47 | 84.41 | 68.11 | 74.47 | 94.21 | 85.73 | 73.98 | 49.95 | 50.01 |
| (18.28) | (20.84) | (16.23) | (19.25) | (16.83) | (20.87) | (20.58) | (17.93) | (8.00) | (9.05) | |
| Suburban | 85.54 | 84.79 | 85.53 | 69.48 | 74.62 | 95.49 | 85.19 | 74.79 | 50.32 | 50.21 |
| (17.62) | (16.59) | (15.64) | (18.02) | (16.80) | (20.72) | (17.77) | (17.37) | (7.65) | (8.40) | |
| Rural | 88.17 | 85.59 | 85.34 | 70.84 | 71.36 | 96.75 | 87.04 | 72.17 | 51.30 | 49.22 |
| (16.43) | (22.44) | (16.13) | (19.86) | (18.39) | (19.30) | (22.27) | (17.18) | (8.69) | (9.39) | |
| F | 1.223 | 0.215 | 0.923 | 1.991 | 2.133 | 1.458 | 0.375 | 1 | 1.798 | 0.721 |
| Medical insurance | ||||||||||
| Expenses of one’s own | 84.56 | 86.05 | 85.34 | 70.92 | 74.00 | 94.17 | 86.16 | 73.51 | 50.55 | 49.88 |
| (21.11) | (17.78) | (15.90) | (20.51) | (17.79) | (21.04) | (19.14) | (19.77) | (7.86) | (9.26) | |
| The new rural cooperative medical care | 88.43 | 84.86 | 84.78 | 69.64 | 73.32 | 95.59 | 86.66 | 73.85 | 50.84 | 49.77 |
| (15.62) | (19.28) | (16.39) | (19.16) | (17.43) | (20.68) | (18.85) | (17.76) | (8.05) | (9.41) | |
| Medical insurance for urban residents and workers | 85.67 | 84.26 | 84.45 | 68.02 | 74.49 | 94.33 | 85.53 | 73.97 | 49.94 | 49.99 |
| (18.09) | (20.93) | (16.25) | (19.13) | (16.78) | (20.81) | (20.56) | (17.78) | (8.02) | (8.98) | |
| Others | 84.89 | 88.32 | 83.47 | 66.56 | 74.41 | 93.66 | 89.93 | 76.01 | 49.40 | 51.30 |
| (16.61) | (19.81) | (14.73) | (16.93) | (16.55) | (21.19) | (22.48) | (15.71) | (7.45) | (9.03) | |
| F | 2.16 | 2.506 | 0.563 | 3.404* | 0.403 | 0.311 | 2.261 | 0.678 | 1.674 | 0.801 |
| Chronic disease status | ||||||||||
| Yes | 86.62 | 86.69 | 86.25 | 70.74 | 74.86 | 94.88 | 87.09 | 74.27 | 51.10 | 50.13 |
| (19.00) | (15.92) | (15.43) | (19.28) | (17.16) | (20.80) | (17.26) | (18.43) | (7.32) | (8.82) | |
| No | 84.80 | 84.46 | 82.86 | 65.92 | 73.98 | 93.85 | 84.45 | 73.72 | 48.97 | 49.90 |
| (17.38) | (17.38) | (16.74) | (18.82) | (16.58) | (20.83) | (22.30) | (17.35) | (8.46) | (9.21) | |
| T | −3.664*** | −7.610*** | −7.684*** | −9.263*** | −1.892 | −1.799 | −4.741*** | −1.133 | −8.719*** | −0.785 |
| Smoke | ||||||||||
| Never | 85.79 | 84.55 | 84.59 | 68.28 | 74.33 | 94.42 | 85.77 | 73.90 | 50.07 | 49.97 |
| (17.94) | (20.38) | (16.14) | (19.16) | (16.87) | (20.72) | (20.35) | (17.82) | (7.93) | (9.00) | |
| Yes | 84.96 | 84.82 | 84.16 | 68.79 | 75.10 | 94.28 | 85.84 | 74.94 | 49.76 | 50.46 |
| (20.35) | (20.61) | (16.28) | (19.24) | (16.93) | (21.27) | (20.01) | (18.61) | (8.06) | (9.19) | |
| Give up | 84.63 | 81.38 | 82.81 | 64.75 | 74.27 | 91.37 | 83.53 | 72.84 | 48.79 | 49.31 |
| (18.07) | (29.44) | (17.96) | (20.05) | (16.55) | (22.63) | (26.12) | (16.77) | (10.11) | (8.90) | |
| F | 0.723 | 1.395 | 0.823 | 2.137 | 0.530 | 0.941 | 0.684 | 1.092 | 1.338 | 1.167 |
| Drink | ||||||||||
| Yes | 85.63 | 84.68 | 84.23 | 67.39 | 75.43 | 94.71 | 86.05 | 75.05 | 49.71 | 50.57 |
| (17.09) | (22.15) | (16.43) | (20.18) | (17.04) | (20.97) | (21.50) | (17.25) | (8.39) | (8.96) | |
| No | 85.69 | 84.49 | 84.55 | 68.39 | 74.26 | 94.30 | 85.68 | 73.83 | 50.05 | 49.93 |
| (18.36) | (20.41) | (16.16) | (19.04) | (16.84) | (20.80) | (20.29) | (17.97) | (7.94) | (9.03) | |
| T | 0.076 | −2.33 | 0.473 | 1.271 | −1.712 | −0.488 | −0.422 | −1.690 | 0.894 | −1.732 |
| Having breakfast weekly | ||||||||||
| Less than 2 days | 85.70 | 84.58 | 84.69 | 68.32 | 74.41 | 94.42 | 85.81 | 74.01 | 50.06 | 50.03 |
| (18.30) | (20.58) | (16.07) | (19.19) | (16.89) | (20.89) | (20.35) | (17.87) | (7.95) | (9.00) | |
| 2-3days | 85.45 | 83.70 | 82.89 | 67.19 | 74.83 | 94.46 | 85.35 | 74.62 | 49.32 | 50.35 |
| (17.24) | (21.87) | (16.53) | (19.06) | (16.29) | (19.12) | (21.39) | (17.63) | (8.36) | (8.77) | |
| 4-5days | 85.45 | 83.70 | 82.89 | 67.19 | 74.83 | 94.46 | 85.35 | 74.62 | 49.32 | 50.35 |
| (17.24) | (21.87) | (16.53) | (19.06) | (16.90) | (19.12) | (21.39) | (17.63) | (8.36) | (8.77) | |
| More than 5 days | 88.17 | 87.63 | 86.24 | 75.04 | 78.00 | 94.77 | 85.44 | 77.03 | 52.04 | 50.66 |
| (14.21) | (17.79) | (15.98) | (20.04) | (17.77) | (21.78) | (22.81) | (17.87) | (7.42) | (10.03) | |
| F | 0.736 | 1.076 | 3.938** | 4.362** | 3.346* | 1.185 | 0.045 | 4.087** | 2.984* | 2.797* |
| Sleep quality | ||||||||||
| Very good | 86.00 | 86.51 | 86.27 | 72.09 | 75.72 | 94.88 | 86.94 | 74.91 | 51.05 | 50.46 |
| (19.13) | (14.79) | (15.78) | (18.95) | (17.04) | (20.36) | (16.53) | (18.33) | (7.23) | (8.64) | |
| Fairly good | 85.83 | 84.67 | 84.54 | 68.01 | 74.37 | 94.50 | 85.97 | 74.05 | 50.01 | 50.07 |
| (18.04) | (20.61) | (16.08) | (19.03) | (16.85) | (20.84) | (20.38) | (17.76) | (7.99) | (8.99) | |
| Fairy bad | 82.59 | 76.11 | 79.11 | 60.83 | 71.18 | 90.85 | 78.90 | 70.37 | 46.87 | 47.94 |
| (19.70) | (31.72) | (17.99) | (19.61) | (16.15) | (22.06) | (28.95) | (18.19) | (9.37) | (10.37) | |
| Very bad | 81.52 | 79.51 | 75.09 | 57.69 | 69.20 | 88.58 | 76.63 | 69.79 | 46.26 | 46.93 |
| (16.82) | (26.24) | (15.82) | (20.89) | (16.60) | (16.82) | (29.27) | (14.39) | (8.49) | (8.02) | |
| F | 3.130** | 17.979*** | 15.897*** | 27.419*** | 5.709** | 3.345* | 12.631*** | 4.824* | 16.679*** | 5.403** |
PF= physical functioning, RP= role limitations due to physical problems, BP= bodily pain, GH= general health, VT= vitality, SF= social functioning, RE= role limitations due to emotional problems, MH= mental health, PCS= physical component summary, MCS= mental component summary
The highest average scores in each dimension were marked bold word
*P-value < 0.05. **P-value < 0.01. ***P-value < 0.001