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. 2015 Sep 18;15:201. doi: 10.1186/s12862-015-0467-1

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© Scherholz et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Summary of leading hypotheses of molluscan phylogeny. a Adenopoda hypothesis placing the aplacophoran clade Chaetodermomorpha as first offshoot and sister group to the remaining molluscan taxa (Neomeniomorpha + Testaria = Adenopoda) (after [39]). b Hepagastralia hypothesis placing the aplacophoran clade Neomeniomorpha as first offshoot and sister group to the remaining molluscan taxa (Chaetodermomorpha + Testaria = Hepagastralia) (after [36]). c Testaria hypothesis placing the shell-less Aplacophora (= Neomeniomorpha + Chaetodermomorpha) as sister group to all primarily shell-bearing molluscan taxa (Testaria) (after [47]). d Recently supported Aculifera hypothesis showing basal bifurcation by placing Aculifera (= Aplacophora + Polyplacophora) as sister group to all primarily single-shelled mollusks (Conchifera) (after [5])