Fig. 4.

Functional assessment of nucleotide binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3)-inflammasome upon activation. Whole blood from patients (n = 20) or healthy individuals (n = 18) were primed with Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 250 pg/mL, 2 h) (a), TLR3 (poly IC, 50 μg/mL, 2 h) (b) or TLR2 (pam3CysSK 200 ng/mL, 2 h) (c) ligands and sequentially pulsed with ATP (ATP 5 mM, 20 min). IL-1β secretion in cell supernatants was quantified by ELISA (pg/mL). HC healthy controls, RA rheumatoid arthritis, pIC polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, Pam pam3CysSK