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. 2015 Sep 19;13:308. doi: 10.1186/s12967-015-0642-6

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© Ti et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — LPS pre-Exo converted inflammatory THP-1 cells to M2 polarization. a Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) and M2 macrophages surface marker CD163 expression in THP-1 cells after culturing with LPS pre-Exo for various times. mRNA expression of interest genes is normalized to GADPH and given as relative change. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of three separate experiments. *Compared with Con, p < 0.05;^#compared with HG, p < 0.05. b Immunofluorescence analysis of macrophage phenotype, and iNOS (M1 green) or Arg1 (M2 red) were expressed in THP-1 cells (Hoechst blue). Scale bar 50 µm