Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population
| Variable | Total (n=99) | Nephrology (n=15) | Cardiology (n=30) | Endocrinology (n=42) | Plastic surgery (n=12) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, female [n (%)] | 41/41 | 3/20 | 12/40 | 20/48 | 6/50 | 0.28 |
| Ethnicity (Caucasian/African) | 98/1 | 15/0 | 30/0 | 42/0 | 11/1 | 0.13 |
| Age (years) | 67±11 | 64±8 | 70±12 | 67±11 | 65±10 | 0.31 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.4±6.5 | 31.0±5.4 | 29.4±6.8 | 31.1±6.8 | 29.4±6.3 | 0.57 |
| Weight (kg) | 88±21 | 92±17 | 84±24 | 89±20 | 86±17 | 0.22 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.8±1.5 | 3.8±2.1 | 1.4±0.9 | 1.6±1.3 | 1.0±0.2 | <0.05a |
| Renal dialysis (n) | 9 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — |
| HbA1c | 0.13 | |||||
| mmol/mol | 65±21 | 57±10 | 65±21 | 70±24 | 55±13 | |
| % | 8.1±4.1 | 7.4±3.1 | 8.1±4.1 | 8.6±4.4 | 7.2±3.3 | |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 13.6±8.9 | 13.2±8.3 | 11.4±7.7 | 15.1±9.6 | 13.9±9.6 | 0.51 |
| Pre-admission diabetes therapy [n (%)] | 0.60 | |||||
| Diet only | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| OAD only | 16 (16) | 0 (0) | 6 (20) | 8 (19) | 2 (17) | |
| Insulin only | 55 (56) | 12 (80) | 13 (44) | 24 (58) | 6 (50) | |
| OAD, GLP-1 analogs | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| Insulin, OAD | 22 (22) | 3 (20) | 9 (30) | 6 (14) | 4 (33) | |
| Insulin, GLP-1 analogs | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| Admission type [n (%)] | <0.05b | |||||
| Planned | 38 (38) | 6 (40) | 17 (57) | 8 (19) | 7 (58) | |
| Acute | 61 (62) | 9 (60) | 13 (43) | 34 (81) | 5 (42) | |
| Admission diagnosis [n (%)] | — | |||||
| Hematological disease | 1 (1) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 1 (1) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Endocrine disease | 11 (11) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 10 (24) | 0 (0) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 44 (44) | 4 (27) | 29 (97) | 11 (26) | 0 (0) | |
| Neurological disease | 1 (1) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Infectious disease | 23 (23) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 19 (45) | 3 (25) | |
| Renal disease | 8 (8) | 7 (47) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| Musculoskeletal disease | 9 (9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 8 (58) | |
| Other | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (8) |
a
Significant difference between Cardiology and Nephrology, Cardiology and Plastic Surgery, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Endocrinology and Plastic Surgery, and Nephrology and Plastic Surgery.
b
Significant difference between Cardiology and Endocrinology and between Endocrinology and Plastic Surgery.
GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; OAD, oral antidiabetes drug.