Table 1.
Clinical trials for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), lymphoma (NHL = non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), and multiple myeloma, based on research made by using key words for the different diseases, through https://clinicaltrials.gov/, as of March 13, 2015. VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; EGFR: epithelial growth factor; IGF-1 R: insulin growth factor receptor type 1; BTK: Bruton's tyrosine kinase; PI3k: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; HDAC: histone deacetylase; CAR-T: chimeric antigen receptor-T lymphocytes; Cdk: cyclin-dependent kinase; DKK: Dickkopf-related protein; ADCC = antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity; CDC = complement-dependent cytotoxicity; A = direct apoptosis; M = mouse; H = humanized; Ch = chimeric; C = cytotoxicity; Phag. = phagocytosis; Doxo. = doxorubicin; Cytotox. = cytotoxicity.
|
Type of mAb biological activity |
Number of studies | ||||
| Lymphoma 2246 studies |
B-CLL 1965 studies |
Multiple myeloma 1908 studies |
|||
|
| |||||
| Monoclonal antibodies | Anti-CD19 | 65 | 34 | 3 | |
| Blinatumomab CD19/CD3 | |||||
| Anti-CD20 | 1017 | 329 | 20 | ||
| Rituximab (CLL, NHL) | Ch IgG1 ADCC, CDC, A | ||||
| Ofatumumab (CLL) | HIgG1 CDC+ | 58 | 57 | — | |
| Obinutuzumab | ADCC+ | 19 | 26 | — | |
| Ocrelizumab | ADCC+ | 3 | 1 | — | |
| Veltuzumab | ADCC, CDC | 7 | 1 | — | |
| Ibritumomab tiuxetan (NHL) | MIgG1 | ||||
| Tositumomab (naked or 131 I) | HIgG1 | 40 | 5 | ||
| NHL | |||||
| Anti-CD22 | 16 | 21 | — | ||
| Epratuzumab (naked or 90 Y) | HIgG1 trogocytosis | ||||
| Epratuzumab immunotoxin | |||||
| Anti-CD25, LMB-2 | Anti-TAC(Fv)PE38, C | 2 | — | — | |
| Anti-CD38 daratumumab | HIgG1, ADCC, CDC, A | — | — | 6 | |
| Anti-CD40 | 11 | 19 | 20 | ||
| Dacetuzumab | HIgG1, ADCC, phag. | ||||
| Anti-TRAIL 2conatumumab | Agonist HIgG1, A | ||||
| Anti-CD45 | 7 | 9 | 5 | ||
| BC8 131I/BC8 90Y | MIgG1 | ||||
| Anti-CD74 hLL1 milatuzumab | 1 | 4 | 2 | ||
| (+doxo) | HigG1, A/Cytotox. | ||||
| Anti-CD80 galiximab | HIgG1, ADCC | 4 | 1 | — | |
| Anti-CTLA4 ipilimumab | HIgG1, ADCC | 7 | 14 | 3 | |
| Anti-PD-1 nivolumab | HIgG4 | 2 | 9 | 1 | |
| Pidilizumab | HIgG1 | — | 1 | 1 | |
| Anti-VEGF (sorafenib, | 21 | 6 | 13 | ||
| bevacizumab) | CIgG1 | ||||
| Anti-IGF-1R | HIgG1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
| Anti-IL6, siltuximab, and | CIgG1 | 7 | |||
| tocilizumab | HIgG1 | — | — | 2 | |
|
| |||||
| BTK inhibitor | Ibrutinib | 9 | 47 | 3 | |
| spebrutinib, andONO-4059 | |||||
|
| |||||
| PI3 kinase/Akt/mTOR/PIM/MEK inhibitor | Idelalisib, duvelisib, and TGR-1202 | 23 | 14 | 8 | |
| RP6530 (dual PI3Kδγ) | |||||
| MK2206, AMG 319 | |||||
| LGH447, BYL719 | |||||
| Pictilisib (GDC-0941) | |||||
| GSK1120212, GSK110183 | |||||
| Nelfinavir, CUCD-907 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Proteasome inhibitor | Ixazomib, salinosporamide, | 20 | 6 | 77 | |
| Filanesib, oprozomib, and lapatinib | |||||
|
| |||||
| HDAC | Vorinostat, ricolinostat, | 135 | 26 | 56 | |
| panobinostat, givinostat, | |||||
| 4SC202, entinostat, | |||||
| quisinostat, rocilinostat, | |||||
| tacedinaline, abexinostat, and | |||||
| CDX101 | |||||
|
| |||||
| CAR-T | CD19, CD30, CD20, CD22, and CD138 | 13 | 24 | 3 | |
|
| |||||
| Other drugs | Somatostatin analog | 1 | |||
| (pasireotide) | 1 | ||||
| Anti-DKK1 | 13 | 6 | 5 | ||
| CDK inhibitors | |||||
| Anti-EGFR (erlotinib, | 2 | — | — | ||
| crizotinib) | |||||