Table II.
Mean (standard deviation) of anatomic parameters.
| PCSA (cm2) | Volume (cm3) | Optimal fiber length (mm) | Optimal muscle length (mm) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OA | MA | OA | MA | OA | MA | OA | MA | |||||
| Superior subscapularisⱡ | 2.14 (0.35) | * | 2.66 (0.29) | 4.32 (1.15) | * | 5.83 (0.65) | 20.37 (3.29) | 22.30 (1.86) | 62.05 (9.19) | 64.74 (11.55) | ||
| Middle subscapularisaⱡ | 2.62 (0.65) | 3.20 (0.33) | 4.19 (1.28) | * | 5.87 (0.99) | 16.17 (2.84) | 18.44 (2.45) | 67.53(15.32) | 75.95 (8.06) | |||
| Inferior subscapularisⱡ | 1.10 (0.32) | 1.35 (0.23) | 2.16 (0.65) | 2.62 (0.17) | 19.79 (2.07) | 20.02 (2.65) | 71.80 (7.78) | 65.13 (3.27) | ||||
| Subscapularisaⱡ | 5.87 (0.60) | * | 7.21 (0.42) | 10.67 (2.17) | * | 14.32 (1.59) | 18.36 (2.91) | 20.07 (1.67) | 65.84 (9.66) | 68.37 (5.71) | ||
| Superior infraspinatusⱡ | 1.74 (0.27) | 2.01 (0.24) | 4.47 (0.82) | 5.32 (0.61) | 26.15 (3.66) | 26.97 (2.05) | 78.70 (9.65) | 82.10 (7.91) | ||||
| Inferior infraspinatusⱡ | 1.47 (0.30) | 1.81 (0.39) | 3.82 (0.92) | 4.91 (0.98) | 26.40 (2.90) | 27.49 (2.97) | 81.12 (9.52) | 78.07 (13.14) | ||||
| Infraspinatusaⱡ | 3.20 (0.41) | 3.82 (0.59) | 8.30 (1.44) | 10.23 (1.40) | 26.22 (3.28) | 27.23 (2.36) | 79.86 (9.63) | 79.66 (9.84) | ||||
| Supraspinatusⱡ | 2.42 (0.47) | 2.77 (0.55) | 6.47 (1.65) | 8.12 (1.45) | 26.94 (3.36) | 29.80 (3.07) | 74.22 (4.98) | 78.11 (9.96) | ||||
| Teres minor | 0.76 (0.12) | * | 0.98 (0.14) | 1.28 (0.14) | * | 1.63 (0.23) | 17.27 (2.11) | 16.77 (1.40) | 44.70 (6.15) | 45.89 (3.22) | ||
| Anterior deltoid | 0.85 (0.18) | * | 1.25 (0.28) | 4.70 (0.96) | * | 7.31 (1.26) | 56.06 (3.06) | 59.86 (5.14) | 67.37 (5.39) | * | 77.17 (4.90) | |
| Middle deltoid | 1.97 (0.63) | * | 2.91 (0.52) | 5.08 (1.50) | * | 7.50 (1.50) | 26.45 (2.95) | 26.29 (2.09) | 50.62 (3.07) | 55.22 (6.82) | ||
| Posterior deltoid | 0.89 (0.20) | 1.12 (0.20) | 3.02 (0.61) | * | 4.74 (1.36) | 34.55 (2.25) | * | 42.65 (8.13) | 53.91 (5.54) | 62.53 (8.49) | ||
| Deltoida | 3.71 (0.90) | * | 5.28 (0.76) | 12.79 (2.89) | * | 19.55 (3.62) | 35.13 (2.29) | 37.48 (1.81) | 56.36 (1.66) | * | 63.53 (3.97) | |
| Teres major | 1.64 (0.37) | * | 2.15 (0.21) | 6.29 (1.11) | * | 8.98 (1.80) | 39.10 (3.96) | 42.41 (6.88) | 74.50 (6.67) | 79.00 (12.19) | ||
| Long triceps | 5.59 (0.71) | * | 8.66 (0.97) | 16.88 (1.99) | * | 24.72 (3.73) | 30.68 (1.35) | 29.14 (2.83) | 120.85 (8.52) | * | 109.39 (4.48) | |
| Lateral triceps | 2.83 (0.43) | * | 4.63 (0.89) | 11.96 (1.92) | * | 17.30 (2.59) | 42.91 (3.47) | 38.32 (4.03) | 112.79 (8.10) | 104.50 (7.68) | ||
| Medial triceps | 2.18 (0.42) | 2.71 (0.77) | 7.52 (1.14) | 9.05 (2.10) | 35.25 (1.68) | 34.41 (4.58) | 108.82 (3.33) | 108.55 (10.65) | ||||
| Tricepsa | 10.59 (1.39) | * | 16.00 (2.35) | 36.36 (4.55) | * | 51.06 (8.29) | 34.85 (1.66) | 32.52 (2.93) | 115.35 (6.01) | * | 107.26 (4.45) | |
| Long biceps | 1.92 (0.42) | * | 2.46 (0.46) | 9.03 (2.01) | 11.61 (2.10) | 47.34 (2.41) | 47.41 (4.59) | 90.08 (3.73) | 93.00 (11.75) | |||
| Short biceps | 0.59 (0.05) | * | 0.88 (0.19) | 3.12 (0.36) | * | 4.81 (1.14) | 53.22 (3.91) | 54.86 (6.13) | 90.81 (3.01) | 93.47 (12.85) | ||
| Bicepsa | 2.52 (0.44) | * | 3.34 (0.35) | 12.15 (2.27) | * | 16.42 (2.87) | 48.68 (2.43) | 49.36 (4.88) | 90.25 (3.43) | 93.17 (11.40) | ||
| Coracobrachialis | 0.36 (0.12) | 0.47 (0.14) | 0.60 (0.20) | 0.80 (0.23) | 17.32 (2.31) | 17.35 (1.14) | 54.36 (10.55) | 61.86 (11.15) | ||||
| Brachialis | 1.47 (0.25) | * | 1.81 (0.25) | 4.82 (1.02) | 5.86 (0.95) | 33.17 (2.29) | 32.78 (3.32) | 71.74 (2.79) | 69.35 (9.11) | |||
a
: PCSA and volume were calculated from the summation of PCSA and volume from the subsections.
Optimal fiber length and optimal muscle length were calculated from equations 4 and 5.
*
: Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between groups.
ⱡ
: Indicates a rotator cuff muscle.