Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Model displaying standardized direct effects for the full sample. Solid lines indicate significant pathways; dashed lines indicate non-significant pathways. Exposure to violence and future educational aspirations assessed in 9th grade; attitudes about violence and violent behavior assessed in 12th grade; violent behavior assessed at age 22. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p .001.
