TABLE 5.

Additive leishmanicidal effect of CID 7188 combined with divalent metal ion salts in ex vivo systems^a

Control or salt (1 μM)	HepG2 cells		L. major				L. donovani
			EC50		IVTI		EC50		IVTI
	Mean CC50 (μM) ± SE	P	Mean concn (μM) ± SE	P	Mean ± SE	P	Mean concn (μM) ± SE	P	Mean ± SE	P
Control	32.2 ± 2.1		0.044 ± 0.017		934 ± 184		0.023 ± 0.007		1,620 ± 231
CuSO4	4.5 ± 0.3	***	0.003 ± 0.001	**	2,050 ± 404	*	0.012 ± 0.003	NS	436 ± 62	NS
ZnCl2	23.0 ± 1.5	***	0.014 ± 0.005	NS	2,100 ± 413	*	0.027 ± 0.008	NS	974 ± 139	NS
ZnSO4	18.8 ± 1.2	***	0.025 ± 0.010	NS	970 ± 191	NS	0.024 ± 0.007	NS	897 ± 128	NS
MgSO4	24.4 ± 1.6	***	0.010 ± 0.004	NS	3,242 ± 638	***	0.026 ± 0.008	NS	1,086 ± 155	NS
MgCl2	24.9 ± 1.6	**	0.021 ± 0.008	NS	1,545 ± 304	NS	0.021 ± 0.006	NS	1,324 ± 189	NS
AgNO3	0.58 ± 0.04	***	0.190 ± 0.074	NS	4 ± 1	NS	0.036 ± 0.011	NS	18 ± 3	NS
MnCl2	16.2 ± 1.1	***	0.023 ± 0.009	NS	897 ± 177	NS	0.074 ± 0.022	NS	251 ± 36	NS
NiSO4	16.0 ± 1.0	***	0.030 ± 0.012	NS	675 ± 133	NS	0.025 ± 0.007	NS	724 ± 103	NS
LiCl	26.0 ± 1.7	**	0.026 ± 0.010	NS	1,291 ± 254	NS	0.022 ± 0.007	NS	1,343 ± 192	NS

^aData represent the mean CC₅₀ and EC₅₀ values from three different experiments, using the HepG2 and the ex vivo systems for each Leishmania species, respectively (see details in Materials and Methods). The CC₅₀ and EC₅₀ were determined by regression analysis using GraphPad software (Prism 5.0). Values reflect comparisons of disulfiram with divalent salts versus disulfiram alone (control). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; NS, not significant.