FIG 3.

Adhesion and invasion capabilities of E. coli strains NA114 and NA097. (a and b) Adhesion on the human bladder epithelial cell line T24 (a) and the human kidney epithelial cell line ACHN (b) after 3 h of incubation. (c and d) Invasion capabilities in the T24 cell line (c) and the ACHN cell line (d) after 3 h of incubation and additional incubation for 1.5 h in medium containing gentamicin (100 μg/ml). DH5α (alpha) was used as a negative control for the adhesion and invasion assays, experiments were performed three times in triplicate, and statistical values were obtained with the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test, using GraphPad Prism 5.01. ns, nonsignificant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.