Dose-related effects of aPKC inhibitor, ACPD, on insulin-stimulated aPKC activity in hepatocytes of lean non-diabetic humans (left panel), and expression (mRNA levels) of SREBP-1c, FAS, PEPCK and G6Pase in hepatocytes of lean and T2D humans. Hepatocytes were incubated 24 hours ± 1µM insulin (Ins) ± indicated concentrations of ACPD, as described (17, 27). Relative values are mean±SEM of 4 patients. Single crosses (insulin-stimulated value vs adjacent basal value), double crosses (basal or insulin-stimulated value in T2D versus corresponding control value), and asterisks (control or T2D value of samples incubated with ACPD versus corresponding value of samples incubated without ACPD) indicate P<0.05 (ANOVA).