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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Rev. 2015 Sep 1;37:41–65. doi: 10.1016/j.dr.2015.05.001

Table 2.

Description of studies

Study Primary
domain
targeted in
training
Emotion
Under
standing
training (n)
Com-
parison
condition
(n)
Total
sample
size
Total
sample
mean
age
(months)
Sample
type
External Mental Reflective No. of
training
sessions
length
of
session (min)
environmental
setting
social
setting
country post-
test
delay
(days)
Bauminger, 2002 Recognition,
External
Causes
Social-
Emotion
Intervention
(15)
None 15 135 HFASD Em. Inv.:
Simple
Emotions
None Em. Inv.:
Complex
Emotions
28 180 classroom individual Israel 0
Bauminger, 2007a
(group)
Regulation,
Mixed
Emotions,
Moral
Group
Curriculum
(25)
None 25 108 HFASD Em. Inv.:
Simple
Emotions;
Affective
Matching
Measure
None Em. Inv.:
Complex
Emotions
56 n.p. separate
room in
school
group Israel 0
Bauminger, 2007b Recognition,
External
Causes
Social-
Emotion
Intervention
(19)
None 19 105 HFASD Em. Inv.:
Simple
Emotions;
Affective
Matching
Measure
None Em. Inv.:
Complex
Emotions
28 180 separate
room in
school
individual Israel 0
Begeer et al., 2011 Recognition,
External
Causes
Manualized
ToM Training
(19)
Waiting-
list
(17)
36 123 ASD LEAS-C:
Total Score
None LEAS-C:
Mixed
and
Complex
Emotions
16 90 Outpatient
Clinic
group Nether
lands
14
*DeLuca, 2004 Recognition,
External
Causes,
Regulation
Rational
Emotive
Education
Lessons
(23)
Non-
treatment
(12)
46 49 Children
with a
Disability
Ability to
Verbalize
Emotions;
Ability to
Identify
Emotion
Causality
None Measure
of the
Ability to
Generate
Appropriate
Alternatives
12 45 class
room
group United
States of
America
n.p.
Dyck & Denver, 2003 External
Causes,
Regulation,
Moral
Funny Face
Program
(14)
None 14 142 Deaf
Children
FES; CT;
EVT
None None 11 45 class
room
group Australia 2,5
Fox et al., 2011 Recognition Strengthening
Early
Emotional
Development
(16)
None 16 49 Anxious
Children
Preschool
Emotion
Interview
None None 10 60 Out
patient
Clinic
group United
States of
America
14
Grazzani & Ornaghi, 2011 External
Causes
Conver-
sational
Language
Game
(50)
Free Play
(50)
100 52 TD TEC
Level 1
TEC
Level 2
TEC
Level 3
16 15 separate
room in
school
group Italy 14
Hadwin et al., 1996 Recognition,
External
Causes,
Desires,
Beliefs
Teaching
Emotional
Understanding
(10)
Teaching
Belief
Under-
standing (10)
20 108 ASD None Concept
Under-
standing
of 5 hierarchical
Emotion-
None 8 30 Lab individual United
Kingdom
1
Ornaghi, Brockmeier & Grazzani, 2011 External
Causes
Language
Games
(35)
Free Play
(35)
70 46 TD TEC
Level 1
TEC
Level 2
TEC
Level 3
16 20 separate
room in
school
group Italy 14
Peng et al., 1992,
Study 1
External
Causes,
Mixed
Emotions
Mixed
Emotion
Training
(22)
Active
Training
(19)
31 74 TD None None Question
about the
feelings
provoked
through a
given
story
4 n.p. quiet
area in
school
individual United
Kingdom
0
Peng et al., 1992,
Study 2
External
Causes,
Mixed
Emotions
Mixed
Emotion
Training
(37)
Active
(38)
75 72 TD None None Question
of the
possibility
to feel
two ambivalent
emotions
at the
same time
9 n.p. quiet
area in
school
individual United
States of
America
0
Pons et al., 2002 Recognition,
External
Causes,
Regulation,
Hiding,
Moral
Schools
Matters in
Lifeskills
Education
(18)
None-
active
(18)
36 109 TD TEC
Level 1
TEC
Level 2
TEC
Level 3
1 30 class-
room
n.p. United
Kingdom
10,5
Schonert-Reichl, 2012 Recognition Roots of
Empathy
Program
(306)
Treatment
as usual
(279)
585 127 TD Under-
standing of
an infants
crying
None None 27 45 class-
room
group Canada 21
Smith, 2011 Recognition,
External
Causes
The Georgia
Wolftrap
program
(41)
Standard
Curri-
culum
(42)
83 68 low SES NEPSY-II:
Subscale
ToM-
Contextual
Portion
None None 13 50 class-
room
group United
States of
America
14
Solomon et al., 2004 Recognition,
External
Causes,
Regulation,
Moral
The Social
Adjustment
Enhancement
Curriculum
(9)
Waiting-
list
(9)
18 117 HFASD DANVA:
2-AF and
2-CF
None None 20 90 lab group United
States of
America
0
Steerneman & Huskens, 1996,
Study 1
External
Causes
Innovative
group training
(5)
Waiting-
list
(5)
10 108 ASD Test of
Perception
of
Emotions
from Facial
Expression
and Posture
Cues
None None 27 60 n.p. both Nether
lands
n.p.
Steerneman & Huskens, 1996,
Study 2
Recognition,
External
Causes
Innovative
group
training 2
(5)
None 5 118 ASD and
PDDNOS
Test of
Perception
of
Emotions
from Facial
Expression
and Posture
Cues
None None 21 60 n.p. group Nether-
lands
n.p.
Tenenbaum et al., 2008 External
Causes,
Hiding,
Mixed
Emotions
Nine
Vignettes:
Self- and
Experimenter-
explanation
(69)
Nine
Vignettes:
Self-
Summary
(33)
102 83 TD TEC
Level 1
TEC
Level 2
TEC
Level 3
1 n.p. multiple
locations
individual United
States of
America
0
*

Dissertation

Em. Inv. = Emotion Inventory

HFASD = High-functioning Children with autism spectrum disorder

ASD = Children with autism spectrum disorder

PDD-NOS = pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified

TD = typically developed children

Low SES = low social economic status

FES = Fluid Emotions Scale

CT = Comprehension Task

EVT = Emotion Vocabulary Test

NEPSY II – NEuroPSYchological second edition, an instrument designed to assess neuropsychological development in preschool and school-age children

DANVA-2-AF = Diagnostic Analysis of Non-verbal Accuracy-2-Adult Facial Expression

DANVA-2-AF = Diagnostic Analysis of Non-verbal Accuracy-2-Child Facial Expression