Table 2.

Differing features of hand–foot syndrome and hand–foot skin reaction (created based on author knowledge and using [55])

Hand–foot syndrome	Hand–foot skin reaction
Associated with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies, including cytarabine, anthracyclines, fluoropyrimidines, and taxanes	Associated with multikinase inhibitors (e.g. sorafenib, sunitinib, and regorafenib) and BRAF inhibitors (e.g. vemurafenib and dabrafenib)
Onset weeks to months after starting treatment	Onset days to weeks after starting treatment
Mechanism unclear, but doxorubicin-induced symptoms may be caused by concentration of cytostatic in skin via eccrine sweat ducts	With multikinase inhibitors, mechanism may be insufficient repair to frictional trauma due to inhibition of PDGFR and VEGFR With BRAF inhibitors, mechanism may be paradoxical hyperproliferation
Characterized by: Dysesthesia Erythema Scaling	Characterized by: Dysesthesia Erythema Pain Blisters and hyperkeratosis (with surrounding erythema) at pressure points
Symmetrical, diffuse distribution	Localized at pressure points

PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.