Table S3.

Cluster locations and z values of significant activations in the contrasts between ASL and matched backward-layered control condition, for each group

Deaf native signers	Cluster size						Hearing nonsigners	Cluster size
Brain region		Max z	X	Y	Z		Brain region		Max z	X	Y	Z
Frontal-lateral
Left hemisphere
Inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis	571	7.03	−50	22	12		Inferior frontal gyrus, pars opercularis	117	4.25	−42	14	26
Supplementary motor area	22	3.39	−4	−14	62		Frontal pole	8	3.58	0	56	4
Right hemisphere
							Inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis	139	5.49	54	32	2
							Frontal pole	66	4.74	8	60	14
							Frontal pole	11	3.78	2	54	−6
							Frontal pole	8	3.45	36	34	−14
Frontal-medial
Left hemisphere
Frontal medial cortex	356	4.98	−2	40	−14		Paracingulate gyrus	807	5.78	−8	46	−8
Supplementary motor area	138	3.84	−6	−6	66
Right hemisphere
Frontal medial cortex	299	4.8	2	40	−14		Paracingulate gyrus	624	5.72	4	52	4
							Frontal orbital cortex	80	3.38	36	32	−16
Temporal-lateral
Left hemisphere
Middle temporal gyrus, posterior	1,073	5.37	−62	−40	−2		Middle temporal gyrus, temporo-occipital	375	5.69	−52	−46	4
							Planum temporale	16	3.05	−56	−40	20
Right hemisphere
Middle temporal gyrus, anterior	1,345	4.09	60	−4	−22		Middle temporal gyrus, temporo-occipital	952	7.74	52	−38	0
							Temporal pole	22	2.88	28	14	−30
Temporal-medial
Left hemisphere
Fusiform gyrus, posterior temporal	115	6.36	−34	−34	−18
Fusiform gyrus, posterior temporal	46	3.69	−38	−10	−30
Right hemisphere
Fusiform gyrus, posterior temporal	66	3.84	32	−32	−22		Fusiform gyrus, temporal-occipital	40	3.05	42	−40	−22
Parahippocampal gyrus, anterior	63	3.74	32	−8	−24		Fusiform gyrus, posterior temporal	6	3.54	44	−24	−14
Fusiform gyrus, posterior temporal	12	3.45	42	−20	−18
Parietal-superior
Left hemisphere
Right hemisphere
Parietal-inferior
Left hemisphere
Angular gyrus	238	3.95	−56	−56	18		Angular gyrus	362	5.08	−46	−56	14
Right hemisphere
Supramarginal gyrus	7	2.73	40	−38	4		Supramarginal gyrus	181	6.09	46	−38	6
Occipital
Left hemisphere
Lateral occipital cortex	9	2.79	−54	−62	18
Right hemisphere
Posterior-medial
Left hemisphere
							Precuneus	295	6.84	−4	−56	12
Right hemisphere
							Precuneus	161	5.14	4	−56	22
Thalamus
Left hemisphere
Right hemisphere

Maps were masked to ensure that areas shown here also showed significantly greater activation than the fixation baseline, i.e., these voxels are a subset of those presented in Table S1 and Fig. S2. These areas correspond to the statistical map shown in Fig. 1. Details of table creation are as for Table S1.