Effects of an ethylene precursor and an ethylene-releasing compound on aerenchyma formation in adventitious roots of the wild type (WT) and the rcn1 mutant. The percentage of aerenchyma of root cross-sectional area at 10 mm from the tips of adventitious roots grown under aerated conditions for 48 h with 0, 10, 20, or 40 μm
ACC treatment (A) and grown under aerated conditions for 48 h with 0, 80, 120, or 160 μm ethephon treatment (B). Values are means ± se (n = 6). Different lowercase letters denote significant differences between the wild type and the rcn1 mutant in each condition (P < 0.01, one-way ANOVA and then Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons).