Effects of saturated fatty acids on aerenchyma formation and the ACS1 gene expression in adventitious roots of the wild type (WT) and the rcn1 mutant. A, The percentage of aerenchyma of root cross-sectional area at 10 mm from the tips of adventitious roots grown under aerated conditions for 48 h with 50 μm C18:0, C20:0, C22:0, C24:0, or C26:0 treatment. B, Time course qRT-PCR analysis of the ACS1 gene using RNA extracted from adventitious roots at 10 mm (±2 mm) from the root tips grown under aerated conditions with or without 50 μm C26:0 treatment. The gene encoding transcription initiation factor IIE, TFIIE, was used as a control. Values are means ± se (n = 6 [A] and n = 3 [B]). Different lowercase letters denote significant differences between the wild type and the rcn1 mutant in each condition (P < 0.01, one-way ANOVA and then Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons).