Figure 5.

Microarray analysis of the virulence effects of bacterium-delivered AvrE and HopM1 on Arabidopsis gene expression in leaves. A, Heat map of global gene expression changes in response to the different bacterial strains indicated: Pst DC3000 (avrE⁺ and hopM1⁺), the avrE mutant (hopM1⁺), the hopM1 mutant (avrE⁺), and the avrE hopM1 double mutant. Bacteria (1 × 10⁸ cfu mL⁻¹) were vacuum infiltrated into Arabidopsis leaves, and leaf samples were collected 7 h after inoculation to allow sufficient time for type III effector delivery and, at the same time, to avoid bacterial population differences between the strains, especially between the avrE hopM1 double mutant and Pst DC3000 (Nomura et al., 2011). B, Venn diagram showing the numbers of genes up- or down-regulated by AvrE (comparing infection by the hopM1 mutant with infection by the avrE hopM1 mutant), HopM1 (comparing infection by the avrE mutant with infection by the avrE hopM1 mutant), or both.