Figure 4.
Expressions of carotenoid biosynthetic genes are not greatly affected in the calli of AtOR and AtORHis transgenic lines. A, Outline of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Solid arrows indicate one step, and dashed arrows indicate multiple steps. G3P, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; DXP, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate; MEP, 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate; IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate, GGPP, geranylgeranyl diphosphate; DXS, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase; DXR, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase; GGPPS, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; PDS, phytoene desaturase; ZDS, ζ-carotene desaturase; Z-ISO, ζ-carotene isomerase; CRTISO, carotenoid isomerase; LCYe, lycopene ε-cyclase; LCYb, lycopene β-cyclase; CYP97C1, cytochrome P450-type monooxygenase 97C; BCH1/2, β-carotenoid hydroxylase 1/2; ZEP, zeaxanthin epoxidase; VDE, violaxanthin deepoxidase. B, Relative expression level of carotenogenic genes in Col and AtOR and AtORHis lines. Data are the average ± se of three biological replicates with two technical trials. *, Significant difference when compared with Col (P ≤ 0.05, n = 3).