All three panels show plots of the same example data set (taken from ref. [5]) of 0.1 nM σ54RNA polymerase binding to 3,591 bp target DNA molecules containing a σ54 promoter (blue, N = 122 DNA, L = 1000 co-localizations) and to non-target control sites (black, NC = 157, LC = 129). Data were fit using biexponential distributions for both the target sites (red; r1 = 0.34 s−1, r2 = 1.6 × 10−2 s−1, and a = 0.85; Eqs. 11 and 12) and the non-target sites (cyan; r1c = 0.75 s−1, r2c = 2.4 × 10−3 s−1, and ac = 0.96; Eqs. 9 and 10). (A) Cumulative frequency distributions of co-localization intervals at target and non-target sites. Inset: semilog plot of the same data on an expanded timescale. (Redrawn from ref. [5].) (B) Same data and fit as in (A), with the bootstrap estimate of the 95% confidence limits (dashed) of the data. (C) The data and fit from (A) visualized as a probability density function (± s.e.).