Table I.
Baseline characteristics of study subjects and changes in PSA levels
| All subjects (n = 39) | Intervention (n = 22) | Control (n = 17) | P § | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| Age, years | 70 ± 8 | 69 ± 9 | 71 ± 7 | 0.51 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.75 ± 5.21 | 29.49 ± 4.86 | 30.09 ± 5.77 | 0.73 |
| Energy, kcal/day | 1683.90 ± 414.24 | 1741.24 ± 367.52 | 1609.68 ± 468.92 | 0.33 |
| Physical activity, total METs/week | 44.60 ± 35.51 | 52.02 ± 41.29 | 35.43 ± 24.96 | 0.13 |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race | ||||
| White/European American | 28 (72) | 17 (77) | 11 (65) | 0.48 |
| Black/African American | 11 (28) | 5 (23) | 6 (32) | |
| Education | ||||
| High school graduate or less | 8 (20) | 4 (18) | 4 (23) | 0.70 |
| High school and some college | 12 (31) | 8 (36) | 4 (23) | |
| College graduate | 19 (49) | 10 (45) | 9 (53) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married or with partner | 31 (79) | 16 (73) | 15 (88) | 0.43 |
| Widowed, divorced, or single | 8 (21) | 6 (27) | 2 (12) | |
| Employment | ||||
| Yes, full time | 7 (18) | 3 (14) | 4 (23) | 0.68 |
| Yes, part time | 4 (10) | 2 (9) | 2 (12) | |
| No | 28 (72) | 17 (77) | 11 (65) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 14 (37) | 8 (36) | 7 (41) | 0.80 |
| Former | 21 (53) | 11 (50) | 9 (53) | |
| Current | 4 (10) | 3 (14) | 1 (6) | |
| Tumor grade (Gleason score) | ||||
| Well differentiated (<5) | 1 (3) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.95 |
| Moderately differentiated (5–6) | 9 (23) | 5 (23) | 4 (24) | |
| Poorly differentiated (≥7) | 20 (51) | 12 (54) | 8 (47) | |
| Missing | 9 (23) | 4 (18) | 5 (29) | |
| Type of treatment | ||||
| Prostatectomy | 6 (15) | 3 (14) | 3 (18) | 0.99 |
| Prostatectomy and radiation | 18 (46) | 10 (45) | 8 (47) | |
| Radiation only | 15 (39) | 9 (41) | 6 (35) | |
| PSA levels, mean (range) ng/mLa | ||||
| Baseline | 3.91 (0.10-52.00) | 3.24 (0.10-37.90) | 4.78 (0.10-52.00) | 0.61 |
| At 3-months | 5.01 (0.10-68.30) | 4.37 (0.10-44.70) | 5.85 (0.10-68.30) | 0.70 |
| At 6-months | 4.72 (0.10-67.20) | 4.26 (0.10-54.40) | 5.27 (0.10-67.20) | 0.80 |
Abbreviations: PSA – prostate-specific antigen; SD – standard deviation; METs – metabolic equivalent task per week from physical activity
a
Data represents actual PSA values, not logarithm transformed values.
§
P value comparing intervention and control groups using Student's t-test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables