Fig. 2.

Mean values of the GH joint contact force during four driving conditions compared to in vivo data from instrumented GH implants. 0% indicates that the wheel is turned 0°; just beginning to turn, while 100% indicates the wheel is turned 65°. The average time representing the 100% of the motion is 0.268 SD 0.065 sec. The mean in vivo measurements for turning right (or left in the case of the left-handed subject) are also presented (Westerhoff et al., 2009). Note that the one-handed in vivo wheel turn is the data from a single subject because it is the only subject's data that are considered complete (OrthoLoad, 2014). The mean inter-subject standard deviations are shown in the insert.