Table 1.
Clinical trials in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
| Acronym (yr) | Drug | Number of patients | Age (mean) | Percentage female (mean, %) | LVEF (mean, %) | Primary outcome | Follow up period |
| Swedish heart failure registry[17] | Beta-Blocker | 8244 | 78 | 45 | 40-49; > 50 | ACM, HFH | 24 mo |
| TOPCAT[33] | Aldactone | 3445 | 68.6 | 52 | 60.1 | CVD-HFH: NS | 27 mo |
| PARAMOUNT[51] | LCZ696 | 292 | 70.6 | 56 | 57.7 | Reductions in NT-proBNP levels | 36 wk |
| RELAX[43] | Sildenafil | 216 | 69 | 48 | 60 | EC-CS: NS | 24 wk |
| ALDO-DHF[27] | Spironolactone | 422 | 67 | 52 | 67 | Reduced E/É | 12 mo |
| I-Preserve[24] | Irbesartan | 4128 | 72 | 60 | 59.5 | D-CVH: NS | 49.5 mo |
| PEP-CHF[22] | Perindopril | 850 | 75 | 55.5 | 65 | D-HFH: NS | 26.2 mo |
| DIG[26] | Digoxin | 6800 | 63.8 | 22.7 | 28.6 | ACM: NS; improvements in DFWHF, HFWHF | 37 mo |
| SENIORS[14] | Nebivolol | 2128 | 76.1 | 38.4 | 36 | Improvements CVD, HFH | 21 mo |
| CHARM-Preserved[23] | Candesartan | 3023 | 67.1 | 40 | 54 | CVD-HFH: NS | 36.6 mo |
ALDO-DHF: Aldosterone Receptor Blockade in Diastolic Heart failure; CHARM-Preserved: Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic HF and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction trial; DIG: The Effect of Digoxin on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with HF trial; I-Preserve: The irbesartan in HF with preserved systolic function trial; PARADIGM: Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibition vs Enalapril in HF trial; PARAMOUNT: The angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 in HF with preserved ejection fraction: a phase 2 double-blind randomised controlled trial; PEP-CHF: The perindopril in elderly people with chronic HF trial; RELAX: Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition in Diastolic HF: The RELAX Trial Rationale and Design; SENIORS: Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with HF trial; TOPCAT: Spironolactone for HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction trial; ACM: All-cause mortality; CS: Clinical status; CVA: Cardiovascular admission; CVD: Cardiovascular death; CVH: Cardiovascular hospilization; DFWHF: Death from worsening HF; EC: Exercise capacity; FHCVE: First hospitalization for a cardiovascular event; HF: Heart failure; HFAR: Hospitalization for any reason; HFH: Heart failure hospitalization; HFWHF: Hospitalization for worsening HF; NS: Not significant.