Table 3.
Increase in heat-related and cold-related mortality per IQR increase in community-specific effect modifiers
| Community-specific variable | IQR* | Change in relative effect (%) |
Change in relative effect (%) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cold effect | p Value | Heat effect | p Value | ||
| Annual temperature | 7.2°C | 0.59 (−0.04 to 1.21) | 0.06 | 0.31 (0.11 to 0.51) | 0.01 |
| Male–female sex ratio | 6.1 | 0.38 (−0.15 to 0.92) | 0.16 | 0.09 (−0.10 to 0.28) | 0.35 |
| Population density | 2257 | −0.05 (−0.16 to 0.07) | 0.44 | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01) | 0.16 |
| Older population fraction | 3% | −0.47 (−1.07 to 0.12) | 0.12 | 0.14 (−0.06 to 0.34) | 0.16 |
| Years of education | 2.5 | −0.57 (−1.24 to 0.10) | 0.10 | −0.13 (−0.33 to 0.07) | 0.21 |
| Living in an urban setting | 58% | −0.89 (−1.72 to −0.05) | 0.04 | −0.23 (−0.49 to 0.04) | 0.09 |
| Hospital beds per thousand population | 1.6 | −0.31 (−0.60 to −0.02) | 0.04 | 0.04 (−0.06 to 0.14) | 0.46 |
| Average income | $30k | −0.23 (−0.55 to 0.09) | 0.16 | 0.01 (−0.08 to 0.10) | 0.10 |
| Latitude | 7.9 | −0.52 (−1.03 to −0.01) | 0.04 | −0.20 (−0.37 to −0.04) | 0.02 |
*IQR, which is the difference of the 3rd quartile and the 1st quartile of each factor.