Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of all 102 patients according to their immunologic responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy
| Characteristic | Responder (n = 59) | Non-responder (n = 43) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 44.9 ± 9.3 | 44.8 ± 10.8 | 0.969 |
| Male sex | 49 (83.1) | 38 (88.4) | 0.454 |
| Route of HIV transmission | 0.328 | ||
| Heterosexual contact | 34 (57.6) | 28 (65.1) | |
| Male homosexual contact | 25 (42.4) | 14 (32.6) | |
| Transfusion | 0 | 1 (2.3) | |
| Time from diagnosis of HIV infection to initiation of HAART, day | 572.5 ± 895.2 | 746.6 ± 1,312.8 | 0.428 |
| Baseline CD4 T cell/mm3 | 173.4 ± 113.1 | 70.1 ± 69.6 | < 0.001 |
| Baseline CD4 T cell count < 200/mm3 | 33 (55.9) | 40 (93.0) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline CD4 T cell count < 50/mm3 | 10 (16.9) | 23 (53.5) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline viral load > 100,000 copies/mLa | 49 (83.1) | 35 (81.4) | 0.829 |
| CDC HIV-1 disease categoryb | 0.157 | ||
| A | 30 (50.8) | 15 (34.9) | |
| B | 11 (18.6) | 7 (16.3) | |
| C | 18 (30.5) | 21 (48.8) | |
| Hepatitis B or C coinfection | 6 (10.2) | 5 (11.6) | 0.815 |
| Syphilis | 30 (50.8) | 22 (51.2) | 0.975 |
| Opportunistic infections at the start of HAARTc | 20 (33.9) | 22 (51.2) | 0.080 |
| Tuberculosis | 8 (13.6) | 9 (20.9) | 0.324 |
| Pneumocystis pneumonia | 7 (11.9) | 8 (18.6) | 0.343 |
| Cytomegalovirus disease | 2 (3.4) | 2 (4.7) | 0.746 |
| Cryptococcal meningitis | 0 | 3 (7.0) | 0.039 |
| Esophageal candidiasis | 1 (1.7) | 2 (4.7) | 0.383 |
| Treatment-naïve when starting HAART | 57 (96.6) | 42 (97.7) | 0.753 |
| HAART regimend | 0.443 | ||
| Unboosted PI-based | 20 (33.9) | 13 (30.2) | |
| Boosted PI-based | 17 (28.8) | 18 (41.9) | |
| NNRTI-based | 16 (27.1) | 7 (16.3) | |
| Mixed | 6 (10.2) | 5 (11.6) | |
| HAART regimen including ZDV | 51 (86.4) | 39 (90.7) | 0.510 |
| TMP/SMX use | 29 (49.2) | 32 (74.4) | 0.010 |
| Duration of TMP/SMX use, mon | 0.001 | ||
| < 1 | 31 (52.5) | 14 (32.6) | |
| 1–6 | 15 (25.4) | 6 (14.0) | |
| 7–12 | 10 (16.9) | 6 (14.0) | |
| ≥ 13 | 3 (5.1) | 17 (39.5) |
Values are presented as mean ± SD or number (%).
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; PI, protease inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; ZDV, zidovudine; TMP/SMX, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
There was one missing value in the responders and two in the non-responders.
According to the CDC classification [19].
Defined as the surveillance case definitions for HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of CDC [19].
According to the backbone antiretroviral drugs. The boosted PI-based regimen is defined as a ritonavir boosted PI-containing regimen. The mixed regimen is defined as switching from one class to another [19].