Table 2.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the 73 advanced patients according to their immunologic responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy
| Characteristic | Responder (n = 33) | Non-responder (n = 40) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 44.0 ± 7.3 | 44.7 ± 11.1 | 0.754 |
| Male sex | 27 (81.8) | 35 (87.5) | 0.530 |
| Route of HIV transmission | 0.328 | ||
| Heterosexual contact | 17 (51.5) | 26 (65.0) | |
| Male homosexual contact | 16 (48.5) | 13 (32.5) | |
| Transfusion | 0 | 1 (2.5) | |
| Time from HIV diagnosis to HAART, day | 545.4 ± 1,017.6 | 737.8 ± 1,346.8 | 0.490 |
| Baseline CD4 T cell/mm3 | 89.7 ± 57.8 | 57.1 ± 51.3 | 0.013 |
| Baseline CD4 T cell count < 50/mm3 | 10 (30.3) | 23 (57.5) | 0.114 |
| Baseline viral load > 100,000 copies/mL | 31 (93.9) | 33 (82.5) | 0.171 |
| CDC HIV-1 disease categorya | 13 (39.4) | 12 (30.0) | 0.647 |
| A | 13 (39.4) | 12 (30.0) | |
| B | 4 (12.1) | 7 (17.5) | |
| C | 16 (48.5) | 21 (52.5) | |
| Hepatitis B or C coinfection | 2 (6.1) | 5 (12.5) | 0.446 |
| Syphilis | 16 (48.5) | 18 (45.0) | 0.766 |
| Opportunistic infections at the start of HAARTb | 9 (27.3) | 20 (50.0) | 0.048 |
| Tuberculosis | 7 (21.2) | 9 (22.5) | 0.895 |
| Pneumocystis pneumonia | 7 (21.2) | 8 (20.0) | 0.898 |
| Cytomegalovirus disease | 2 (6.1) | 2 (5.0) | 1.000 |
| Cryptococcal meningitis | 0 | 3 (7.5) | 0.247 |
| Esophageal candidiasis | 0 | 2 (5.1) | 0.498 |
| Treatment-naïve when starting HAART | 32 (97.0) | 39 (97.5) | 1.000 |
| HAART regimenc | 0.677 | ||
| Unboosted PI-based | 11 (33.3) | 12 (30.0) | |
| Boosted PI-based | 10 (30.3) | 16 (40.0) | |
| NNRTI-based | 9 (27.3) | 7 (17.5) | |
| Mixed | 3 (9.1) | 5 (12.5) | |
| HAART regimen including ZDV | 28 (84.8) | 36 (90.0) | 0.723 |
| TMP/SMX use | 27 (81.8) | 31 (77.5) | 0.650 |
| Duration of TMP/SMX use, mon | 0.002 | ||
| < 1 | 7 (21.2) | 12 (30.0) | |
| 1–6 | 13 (39.4) | 5 (12.5) | |
| 7–12 | 10 (30.3) | 6 (15.0) | |
| ≥ 13 | 3 (9.1) | 17 (42.5) |
Values are presented as mean ± SD or number (%).
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; PI, protease inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; ZDV, zidovudine; TMP/SMX, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
According to the CDC classification [19].
Defined as the surveillance case definitions for HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of CDC [19].
According to the backbone antiretroviral drugs administered. The boosted PI-based regimen is defined as a ritonavir boosted PI-containing regimen. The mixed regimen is defined as switching from one class to another [19].