(A) Plasma GLP-1 levels of diabetic rats were lower than those of rats fed a normal diet at pow0 (F=106.37; *P<0.01). After DJBS placement for 12 weeks, the plasma GLP-1 levels of DJBS-implanted rats increased significantly compared with those of diabetic control and sham surgery rats (F=423.237; P<0.01); the GLP-1 levels of the sham surgery and diabetic control rats continued to decrease. (B) The GLP-1 concentration in the distal ileum tissue of DJBS-implanted rats was significantly higher than that of diabetic control and sham surgery rats (F=55.423; *P<0.01). (C) The GLP-1-positive cell number in the distal ileum tissue differed significantly among the four groups (F=5.826; #P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the proximal jejunum (F=0.08; P>0.05), middle colon (F=2.56; P>0,05) or rectum (F=0.56; P>0.05). GLP, glucagon-like peptide; DJBS, duodenal-jejunal bypass sleeve; Ncontrol, normal control; DMcontrol, diabetes mellitus control; DMsham, diabetes mellitus sham surgery; DMdjbs, diabetes mellitus with DJBS; pow, post-operative week.