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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 22.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cell. 2014 Sep 18;56(2):193–204. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.08.020

Figure 1. NPCs Secrete EVs.

Figure 1

(A) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of a NPC with long adherent expansions, and numerous membrane protrusions on the surface. Scale bars, 5 μm.

(B) SEM of the NPC surface, where membranous nanotubes and circular membrane vesicles are observed (magnified in the inset). Scale bars, 5 μm.

(C) Magnified TEM detail of a NPC secreting two small-sized vesicles. Scale bars, 500 nm.

(D) TEM of NPC EVs. EVs appear as heterogeneous population of differently sized vesicles (range 40–200 nm in diameter) surrounded by a double-layer membrane (arrowheads). Scale bars, 500 nm.

(E) TEM of negative stained EVs, showing cup-shaped vesicles (80–120 nm). Scale bars, 100 nm.

(F) Particle-size distribution of EVs (red line) and Exos (black line) obtained by NTA. Data are represented as mean ± SEM from n = 5 independent replicates and are normalized to 1 for size comparison.

(G) Western blot of exosomal markers in NPCs, EVs, and Exos. Exos correspond to pooled fractions 6–9, having a density between 1.13 and 1.20 g/ml. This panel is representative of n = 3 independent protein preparations showing the same trends.

See also Figure S1.