Table 2.
Genes differentially methylated in BC
| Genes | Biological effects | References |
|---|---|---|
| RASSF1A and CCND2 | Significantly more methylated in the ER+ than ER− cancers | [69] |
| PGR, TFF1, CDH13, TIMP3, HSD17B4, ESR1 and BCL2 | The inverse correlations were found between their hypermethylation and ER expression | [70] |
| ESR1, TGFBR2, PTGS2 and CDH13 | They were associated with PR expression | [70] |
| FAM124B, ST6GALNAC1, NAV1 and PER1 | The methylation status were quite different between ER+/PR+ and ER−/PR− BC | [71] |
| RASSF1A, CCND2, TWIST, HIN1 | Low levels of methylation were detected in normal control samples | [74] |
| CCND2, RASSF1A, APC and HIN1 | Able to distinguish between invasive carcinomas, fibroadenomas, and normal tissue | [66] |
| ITIH5, DKK3, and RASSF1A | Early detection of BC | [74] |
| APC, BIN1, BMP6, BRCA1, CST6, ESR-b, GSTP1, P16, P21 and TIMP3 | Able to distinguish between cancerous and normal tissues | [67] |
| CST6 | Differentially methylated between BC and control plasma samples | [75] |