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. 2015 Sep 22;22(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s12929-015-0186-3

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© Yang et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 7 — Effects of DM (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and oxycodone (1 mg/kg, s.c.) on SNL-induced plasma level of pro-inflammatory cytokines: (a) IL-6, (b) IL-1β, and (c) TNF-α on day 2 (D2) and day 6 (D6) after SNL surgery. Data are presented as means ± S.E.M. (n = 7–12). One-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test were used to analyze the data. ^* P < 0.05; ^** p < 0.01; ^*** p < 0.001 vs. Sham + saline group; ^# p < 0.05; ^## p < 0.01; ^### p < 0.001 vs. SNL + saline group