Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the four subgroups of participants who showed weight loss at study end
| Bodyweight loss (%) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥4.3% | ≥2.5 to <4.3% | ≥1.2 to <2.5% | 0 to <1.2% | |
| n | 69 | 69 | 69 | 70 |
| Age (years) | 52.3 ± 8.3 | 52.5 ± 7.5 | 53.2 ± 7.6 | 53.2 ± 8.3 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 2.1 | 26.3 ± 2.8 | 25.8 ± 2.3 | 26.6 ± 2.3 |
| Obesity† (yes/no) | 47/22 | 44/25 | 44/25 | 51/19 |
| WC (cm) | 91.6 ± 5.3 | 90.6 ± 5.7 | 90.5 ± 4.6 | 91.9 ± 6.6 |
| eVFA (cm2) | 137.3 ± 24.9 | 129.4 ± 24.5 | 129.0 ± 19.8 | 138.5 ± 30.9 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 98 ± 10 (14) | 100 ± 7 (8) | 101 ± 8 (10) | 105 ± 9 (13) |
| Causal plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 109 ± 23 (55) | 109 ± 18 (61) | 113 ± 26* (59) | 108 ± 21 (57) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.8 ± 0.2 | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 5.9 ± 0.3 | 5.9 ± 0.2 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136 ± 19 | 137 ± 19 | 137 ± 22 | 139 ± 18* |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 85 ± 14 | 86 ± 12 | 84 ± 15 | 85 ± 13 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 217 ± 31 | 215 ± 37 | 211 ± 39 | 214 ± 31 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 212 ± 123 | 227 ± 173 | 205 ± 98 | 226 ± 199 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 127 ± 28 | 119 ± 31 | 120 ± 30 | 120 ± 29 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50 ± 13 | 52 ± 14 | 54 ± 15 | 53 ± 15 |
| Family history of diabetes (yes/no) | 7/62 | 11/58 | 7/62 | 13/57 |
| WC change (%) | −6.4 ± 4.2 | −3.4 ± 3.1 | −1.6 ± 2.9 | −0.4 ± 3.2 |
| eVFA change (%) | −23.4 ± 13.8 | −10.9 ± 10.9 | −6.5 ± 10.2 | −3.8 ± 11.2 |
| Bodyweight change (%) | −7.4 ± 2.8 | −3.4 ± 0.5 | −1.8 ± 0.4 | −0.7 ± 0.3 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation or number of participants, numbers in parentheses represent available data.
*
P < 0.05, compared with the weight gain group.
†
Obesity was defined as body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2.
eVFA, estimated visceral fat area; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; WC, waist circumference.