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. 2015 Jul 19;182(1):35–44. doi: 10.1111/cei.12667

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Increased secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β (a) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) (b) after glucose stimulation in supernatants of cultured cells. Monocytes were incubated with 11 mmol/1 glucose (11G) and 33 mmol/1 glucose (33G) for 24 h. Our data showed that, after 24 h of incubation with 11G, a significant increase of IL-1β and TNF levels were shown when type 2 diabetes (T2D), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and T2D/RA patients were compared with healthy controls (HC) (P < 0·01 for each comparison). After 24 h of incubation with 33G, a significant increase in IL-1β levels were observed in the supernatants of T2D/RA patients when compared with all evaluated groups (P < 0·01 for each comparison) (**P < 0·01).