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. 2015 Jul 19;182(1):35–44. doi: 10.1111/cei.12667

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Increased relative expression of interleukin (IL)-1β (a) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) (b) after glucose stimulation in cultured cells. Monocytes were incubated with 11 mmol/1 glucose (11G) and 33 mmol/1 glucose (33G) for 24 h. Our data showed that, after 24 h of incubation with 11G, a significant increase of relative IL-1β and TNF mRNA expressions were reported when type 2 diabetes (T2D), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and T2D/RA patients were compared with healthy controls (HC) (P < 0·001 for each comparison). However, after 24 h of incubation with 33G a significant increase in relative IL-1β mRNA expression was observed in the supernatants of T2D/RA patients when compared with HC and among other evaluated groups (P < 0·01 for each comparison) (***P < 0·001).