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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 22.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Top Membr. 2012;69:325–358. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394390-3.00012-4

Figure 2. Uptake and efflux of trivalent arsenic species in liver.

Figure 2

Inorganic As(OH)3 flows down its concentration gradient from blood into hepatocytes through AQP9, the liver AQP isoform. In the cytosol of the hepatocyte, As(III) can be either glutathionylated or methylated to MAs(V), which is reduced to MAs(III). As(GS)3 is pumped into bile by MRP2. Alternatively, As(III) is methylated by the enzyme As(III) SAM methyltransferase (AS3MT) to CH3As(OH)2, which then flows down its concentration gradient via AQP9 into blood, to the kidney and eliminated in the urine. See the color plate.