Table 4.

Between-group comparisons.^*

	BPP		TD		Percentage BPP/TD (%)
Direction	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Nondominant side strength (Nm/kg)
Flexion	0.45	0.37	0.42	0.12	7.1
Extension	0.12	0.17	0.35	0.12	−65.7†
Abduction	0.36	0.17	0.44	0.14	−18.2
Adduction	0.35	0.21	0.39	0.09	−10.3
Int rotation	0.25	0.27	0.32	0.11	−21.9*
Ext rotation	0.08	0.06	0.23	0.04	−65.2‡
Dominant side strength (Nm/kg)
Flexion	0.64	0.33	0.49	0.17	30.6.
Extension	0.48	0.21	0.39	0.09	23.1
Abduction	0.59	0.27	0.49	0.17	20.4
Adduction	0.62	0.29	0.42	0.09	47.6*
Int rotation	0.45	0.25	0.33	0.13	36.4
Ext rotation	0.31	0.08	0.24	0.06	29.2
Between side difference comparison (%)
Flexion	−30.77	20.61	−10.19	18.60	†
Extension	−76.49	26.59	−10.93	15.06	‡
Abduction	−34.49	24.62	−8.20	10.78	†
Adduction	−41.43	19.86	−6.36	13.60	‡
Int rotation	−48.54	29.05	−0.23	17.12	‡
Ext rotation	−72.77	23.06	−2.24	16.06	‡

^*Mean strength and standard deviation (SD) of the nondominant and dominant shoulders of children with brachial plexus palsy (BPP) and typical development (TD). The percentage BPP over TD (right column) was calculated using (mean BPP value – mean TD value) over (mean TD value)*100.

^*=P<0.05

^†P<0.01;

^‡P<0.001.

Values are expressed in Newton meters by kilogram (Nm/kg).