Table 4. Associations with Duration of Viremia.
Table reports the results of the univariate and multivariate mixed effects regression calculating associations between serotype, species, viremia assay used, and log10 inoculating dose and duration of viremia. Mixed effects models included random effect for study. Univariate estimates are differences in days of viremia from the reference category of each model (denoted “ref.”), and multivariate estimates are differences in days of viremia for each covariate from rhesus monkeys infected with DENV-4 assayed using plaque count. P-values calculated using likelihood ratio tests. Durations of DENV-1 and -2 viremia are significantly longer than DENV-4 after adjusting for study, species, assay and log10 dose. Estimates of the fixed intercept (β0) and variance of the random intercept are presented (σ).
| Covariate | Univariate | 95% CI | p | Multivariate | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DENV-4 | ref. | ref. | ||||
| DENV-1 | 0.63 | (0.17, 1.09) | 0.008 | 0.74 | (0.26, 1.21) | 0.002 |
| DENV-2 | 1.02 | (0.58, 1.46) | < 0.001 | 1.21 | (0.77, 1.65) | < 0.001 |
| DENV-3 | −0.34 | (−0.81, 0.13) | 0.151 | −0.30 | (−0.77, 0.17) | 0.225 |
|
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| rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) | ref. | |||||
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) | 0.16 | (−1.26, 1.57) | 0.836 | 0.26 | (−1.06, 1.59) | 0.624 |
| common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) | −0.15 | (−4.05, 3.76) | 0.936 | −1.80 | (−5.09, 1.49) | 0.185 |
| cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) | 0.23 | (−1.09, 1.55) | 0.732 | 0.00 | (−1.24, 1.24) | 0.941 |
| green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) | −1.36 | (−2.84, 0.12) | 0.062 | −1.48 | (−3.08, 0.12) | 0.050 |
| owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae) | −0.46 | (−2.54, 1.62) | 0.637 | −1.29 | (−3.23, 0.66) | 0.125 |
| patas (Erythrocebus patas) | −2.07 | (−4.21, 0.06) | 0.057 | −2.35 | (−4.45, −0.25) | 0.026 |
| pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) | −0.40 | (−3.21, 2.42) | 0.764 | −0.64 | (−3.16, 1.88) | 0.514 |
| spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) | −1.11 | (−3.91, 1.69) | 0.400 | 0.34 | (−3.77, 4.46) | 0.834 |
| squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) | −0.72 | (−2.72, 1.29) | 0.470 | −1.39 | (−3.36, 0.59) | 0.170 |
| white handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) | 0.00 | (−3.87, 3.86) | 0.998 | 0.09 | (−3.09, 3.28) | 0.932 |
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| plaque count | ref. | |||||
| ELISA | 0.02 | (−2.81, 2.85) | 0.987 | 1.34 | (−1.61, 4.30) | 0.304 |
| FFA | 0.17 | (−2.59, 2.93) | 0.889 | 0.27 | (−2.22, 2.75) | 0.788 |
| IFA | 0.98 | (−0.29, 2.24) | 0.110 | 1.34 | (0.05, 2.64) | 0.018 |
| RTPCR | 1.89 | (0.59, 3.18) | 0.004 | 2.52 | (1.19, 3.85) | < 0.001 |
| suckling mice | −0.16 | (−2.39, 2.06) | 0.880 | −0.37 | (−3.92, 3.18) | 0.807 |
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| log10 dose | −0.40 | (−0.65, −0.14) | 0.002 | −0.44 | (−0.69, −0.18) | < 0.001 |
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| Intercept (β0) | 5.00 | (3.47, 6.53) | < 0.001 | |||
| Random Effect (σ) | 2.32 | (0, 5.30) | ||||