(c)  

Time, h	RB	RBCUR	RBHYD	RBAA	RBARG	RBLA	RBKA	MUL	CTRL
(i) The percentage of wound closure of NIH 3T3 cell treated with 10% RB maltodextrin (DE 10–14) with 100 ppm of various additives
0					0.00 ± 0.00a A
3	19.23 ± 1.65b C	15.79 ± 0.00a B	16.40 ± 0.17b C	14.81 ± 1.44b BC	16.33 ± 1.79b E	17.74 ± 0.00b C	12.10 ± 0.62b A	0.00 ± 0.00a A	12.04 ± 0.53b D
6	32.69 ± 0.70b A	29.82 ± 2.11b BC	28.95 ± 4.96c BC	23.33 ± 6.06c BC	31.78 ± 0.92c C	28.09 ± 0.75c AB	21.66 ± 0.00c A		21.17 ± 1.72b BC
9	48.73 ± 2.32c BC	42.11 ± 6.88b CD	36.36 ± 4.73d DE	30.23 ± 1.52c CD	38.32 ± 0.78d E	34.83 ± 0.00c AB	29.26 ± 0.31d A		29.93 ± 4.63d DE
12	61.13 ± 1.39d D	52.97 ± 3.68c D	51.52 ± 2.72e C	47.78 ± 1.90d C	47.66 ± 0.75d C	44.94 ± 4.49d B	32.98 ± 0.56e A		36.86 ± 1.47c B
24	100.00 ± 0.00e A	100.00 ± 0.00d A	100.00 ± 0.00f A	100.00 ± 0.00e A	100.00 ± 0.00e A	100.00 ± 0.00e A	100.00 ± 0.00f A		100.00 ± 0.00d A
(ii) The percentage of wound closure of NIH 3T3 cell treated with 10% RB maltodextrin (DE 15–19) with 100 ppm of various additives
3	7.22 ± 1.54ab AB	10.96 ± 0.00a AB	11.41 ± 0.00b BC	9.29 ± 2.68b ABC	16.29 ± 3.23a AB	7.02 ± 4.49b AB	2.93 ± 0.62b A	0.00 ± 0.00a A
6	16.58 ± 2.07c A	18.36 ± 0.00a A	21.75 ± 3.75c BC	25.70 ± 0.00c AB	29.14 ± 4.80b C	18.73 ± 0.75c B	13.20 ± 0.00c A
9	22.99 ± 6.95d BC	26.85 ± 9.73b ABC	33.42 ± 1.76d BC	32.51 ± 1.52d BC	39.71 ± 5.30bc C	20.40 ± 0.75c AB	17.30 ± 0.00d A
12	56.28 ± 3.40d BC	50.41 ± 7.69c D	49.36 ± 5.38e CD	45.82 ± 1.80e CD	45.14 ± 8.24c CD	31.10 ± 0.00d AB	20.23 ± 0.00e A
24	100.00 ± 0.00e A	100.00 ± 0.00d A	100.00 ± 0.00f A	100.00 ± 0.00f A	100.00 ± 0.00d A	46.48 ± 0.00e B	28.15 ± 0.00f C
(iii) The percentage of wound closure of NIH 3T3 cell treated with 10% RB maltodextrin (DE 20–24) with 100 ppm of various additives
3	13.56 ± 3.34b C	9.30 ± 0.00b C	12.33 ± 0.00b C	17.11 ± 0.00b A	8.45 ± 0.00b A	14.10 ± 0.00b D	8.62 ± 0.00b AB	0.00 ± 0.00a A
6	23.73 ± 0.00c AB	23.26 ± 6.91b AB	24.66 ± 0.00c AB	27.63 ± 0.00c A	25.35 ± 0.00c AB	26.92 ± 0.00c B	22.41 ± 0.00c AB
9	33.90 ± 0.00d CD	35.47 ± 4.24c BC	41.10 ± 0.00d E	35.53 ± 0.00d AB	25.35 ± 0.00c A	37.18 ± 0.00d D	41.38 ± 0.00d E
12	47.46 ± 0.00e DE	47.67 ± 4.71c DE	49.32 ± 0.00e E	44.74 ± 0.00e BC	35.21 ± 0.00d A	46.15 ± 0.00e CD	53.45 ± 0.00e F
24	66.67 ± 0.00f D	61.63 ± 3.46d BC	65.75 ± 0.00f D	59.21 ± 0.00f A	47.89 ± 0.00e A	57.69 ± 0.00f B	63.79 ± 0.00f CD

^a Each data was expressed as mean ± standard deviation of triplicate determinations. Mean values with different superscripts in the same column are significantly different p < 0.01. Mean values with different superscripts in the same row are significantly different p < 0.01.

RB: broken rice maltodextrin; CUR: curcumin; HYD: hydroxyproline; AA: ascorbic acid; ARG: L-arginine; LA: lactic acid; KA: kojic acid; MUL: Multidex; CTRL: control.