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. 2015 Sep 22;10(9):e0138249. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138249

Table 4. Univariate and multivariate analyses of demographic and laboratory variables associated with acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) infection in children under 5 years of age in Mozambique based on multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (M-qPCR).

Note: CI: confidence interval; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; OR: odds ratio

Risk factor ABM (n = 193) CSF negative (n = 176) Unadjusted OR [95% CI] p-value Adjusted OR [95% CI] p-value
Age groups, months
  <1 11 (5.7) 0 (0) 0.0 0.999
  1–11 124 (64.2) 73 (41.5) 3.4 [2.1–5.4] <0.0001 3.9 [1.7–9.0] 0.002
12–23 25 (13.0) 18 (10.2) 2.7 [1.3–5.5] 0.006 3.3 [0.2–11.9] 0.066
24–59 33 (17.1) 85 (48.3) 1
Sex
Male 96 (49.70) 97 (55.1) 1
Female 97 (50.3) 79 (44.3) 1.2 [0.8–1.9] 0.302
CSF appearance
CSF clear 36 (18.7) 66 (37.5) 1
CSF turbid 154 (79.8) 102 (58.0) 2.9 [1.8–4.5] <0.0001 0.8 [0.4–2.0] 0.878
Bloody 1 (0.5) 0 (0)
Missing cases 1 (1.0) 8 (4.5)
Proteins
Negative 26 (13.5) 61 (34.7) 1
Positive 75 (38.9) 27 (15.3) 3.5 [2.1–5.8] <0.0001 1.9 [2.1–3.5] 0.035
Missing cases 92 (47.7) 88 (50.0)
Leukocyte count, cells/mm 3
<10 30 (15.5) 85 (48.3) 1
10–100 67 (34.7) 33 (18.8) 6.8 [3.0–10.4] <0.0001 8.7 [3.6–21.1] 0.000
>100 92 (47.7) 17(9.7) 17.6 [3.0–10.4] <0.0001 26.7 8.9–79.1] 0.000
Missing cases 4 (2.1) 41 (23.3)
CSF glucose level, mg/dL
  >40 2 (1.0) 9 (5.1) 1
  <40 49 (25.4) 4 (2.3) 14.1 [4.9–39.9] <0.0001 18.6 [3.5–97.7] 0.001
Missing cases 142 (73.6) 163 (92.6)
Gram Stain results
Positive 137 (71.0) 56 (31.8%) 1.4 [1.28–1.54] <0.0001 0.0 0.000
Negative 56 (29.0) 120 (68.2%) 1
Hospital
HCB 9 (4.7) 8 (4.6) 1
HCM 47 (24.3) 46 (26.1) 1.1 [0.4–3.81] 0.855
HCN 137 (71.0) 122 (69.3) 1.0 [0.7–1.77] 0.696