Table 4.

Randomized, controlled trials for weight-loss maintenance with maintenance intervention then no supervision after exercise intervention for weight loss.

Reference	Weight loss intervention duration	Weight maintenance intervention duration	Unsupervised follow-up duration	Total n (completers)	Weight regain for diet-only controls	Weight regain for diet + exercise	Significancea
Borg et al. (2002)44 b	2 months	6 months	23 months	90 M (68)	8 months +1.6 kg	8 months AE +1.8 kg RE +0.3 kg	NS NS
					31 months +8.4 kg	31 months AE +10.1 kg RE +9.1 kg	NS NS
Fogelholm et al. (2000)45 c	12 weeks	40 weeks	2 years	82 F (74)	1 year +2 kg 3 years +9.7 kg	Walk 1f 1 year –0.7 kg 3 years +6.2 kg	NS P <0.05
						Walk 2g 1 year –0.6 kg 3 years +9.5 kg	NS NS
Leermakers et al. (1999)46 d	6 months	6 months	6 months	67 M and F (48)	18 months +0.8 kg	18 months +4.4 kg	P <0.05
Perri et al. (1988)49 e	20 weeks	6 months	12 months	123 M and F (91)	BT-only improved weight maintenance compared with controls	Exercise did not alter results compared with BT-only; all exercise conditions improved weight maintenance compared with control	NS

^aP <0.05 considered significant for difference in weight regain for diet and exercise versus diet control. Intervention involved:

^bVLCD then randomized to control, walking (AE) or resistance training (RE) for maintenance;

^cVLCD then randomized to control vs Walk 1 or Walk 2 interventions for maintenance;

^dWeight loss then randomized to biweekly exercise focused or weight focused maintenance;

^eBT randomized to five arms for maintenance.

^fWalk 1 was 2-3 h per week;

^gWalk 2 was 4-6 h per week.

Abbreviations: AE, aerobic exercise; BT, behavioral therapy; F, female; M, male; NS, not significant; RE, resistance exercise; VLCD, very-low-calorie diet.